The Ingenieur Vol 59 July-Sept 2014 The Ingenieur Vo. 59, July-Sept 2014 | Page 75

    Losses  within  the  system=  NRW                                                                                                                               Production Meter m     Booster Pump                                     Balancing Reservoir     Service Reservoir                                                             Figure 1           the system. In current practice, water operators SUCCESS STORY The  table  below  shows  the  components  of  losses  within  a  water  sMalaysian water operators have put in a lot of effort upply  system.   normally focus on physical losses and neglect the commercial losses which they believe are to control NRW levels. However, due to constraints Water Treatment insignificant. In fact, commercial losses Networkand limitations, the achievement for every state can Distribution Consumer Plant amount to a greater water losses compared with varies. State NRW levels range from 18% to a high Production Meters:lossesLeakages from: Leakages from: Customer meters: physical and often have a greater value. of 66% with a national average of 36%. 1. Unmetered   commercial losses increases revenue, 1. Distribution/trunk   1. Reticulation  mains   Ageing   eters   Reducing The 1.successmof Johor state in the NRW mains  reduce production Communication   2. Faulty  meters   2. costs. 2.program eters  shown below. Syarikat Faulty  m is whereas physical losses reduction The pipes   2. Booster  p NRW 3. Inaccurate   best approach to ump   management is Air Johor 3. Inaccessible   Bhd (SAJH) started to Holdings Sdn the seriously embark on an NRW programme in the house   meters  holistic approach as described below: Sluice  valves   meters   3. 1) The whole water supply system is monitored from the outlet of the production facility through to customer meters including commercial losses. 2) Creating awareness of the NRW strategy, its implementation and monitoring. 3) The involvement all departments and staff within the organisation. Water Treatment Plant Production Meters: 1. Unmetered 2. Faulty meters 3. Inaccurate meters year 1995. By the end of 1997, 297 DMAs had been established in the state. The programme continued until 2000 when a NRW Section was formed under the Network Department to oversee the NRW reduction programme. The program mecontinued until 2005 and as a result, 624 DMAs had been established with 300 Pressure Reducing Valves (PRVs) installed. Distribution Network Consumer Leakages from: Leakages from: Customer meters: 1. Distribution/trunk mains 2. Booster pump house 3. Valves 4. Balancing reservoir and suction tanks -Reservoir overflow 1. Reticulation mains 2. Communication pipes 3. Sluice valves 4. Air valves 5. Scour valves 6. Hydrants 1. Ageing meters 2. Faulty meters 3. Inaccessible meters 4. No meters -Billing System -Water theft Table 1 73 ingenieur 2014-July-FA.indd 73 7/9/14 10:38 AM