The Grapevine Autumn 2019 Grapevine Oct-Nov 2019 v2 | Page 20

Creating Your Garden Paradise article by Jonathan Bishop Living Soil T he importance of organic matter in soil cannot be over emphasised. We have an old Atlas Cedar at one of the properties that we work at, a huge, 200 year old tree, with branches that sweep down to the ground. For years the soil beneath it had become compacted, so hard that no spade would penetrate it. One winter we added an organic mulch of chipped bark and compost, placed into an equally large tree circle beneath the tree. We did nothing else and just let Mother Nature take care of the rest. Come spring the soil beneath it was fine and permeable, rich and dark in colour and filled with thousands of worms. The worms had broken up the soil for us and for the tree. Water could now permeate the surface and get to the tree’s roots; the old tree had nutrients it could take up into its branches and leaves and it appeared to be a lot healthier than it had been previously. Earthworms are truly the gardener’s friend, they do many jobs including aerating the soil and moving organic matter around in it. Their natural behaviour is to come out at night and take leaves and organic matter into their long deep burrows. Here they happily munch away on it, turning it into worm poop - or if you want to be polite, worm castings. Worm poop is a very rich fertilizer. Now you can 20 20 buy this wonderful stuff bagged up at quite a price! However, if you are managing your garden soil correctly you will have lots of these creatures in it already. If you have just moved into a new property and the soil has been compacted by excavators, there are things you can do to get worms to colonize your garden. Worms can be encouraged by simply adding a layer of organic matter in the form of compost or manure during the winter months. If you find a source of well-rotted horse manure you will bring some worms in with it as well as many other beneficial organisms. So what happens to the worm poop? Well worms like many other creatures don’t take all the nutrients out of their food. So there is plenty left for someone else to feed on. This material is further broken down into its basic nutrient form by organisms like bacteria and fungi. Once in their elemental form, these nutrients can be taken up by your garden plants. These are chemical elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium as well as micronutrients like copper, zinc, iron, magnesium and manganese. Plants need nitrogen for growing leaves, magnesium to photosynthesise sugar, manganese for the production of crucial enzymes and iron which is essential for the formation of Chlorophyll and the production of energy within the plant. These elements all need to be available for plants to thrive. Although you can add these elements through chemical fertilizers, enriching the soil with organic matter has more long lasting benefits. Top dressing To advertise call 01684 833715 or email: [email protected]