In 1945, Charles was captured by Cromwell's forces, and imprisoned. This was the climax of two massive battles - the Battle of Naseby on 14 June and the Battle of Langport on 10 July.
While captured, Charles negotiated with the Scots, who hatched a plan to restore him to the throne. In 1947, this plan succeeded. In the two years that followed, there were many small battles.
However, this ended with Charles' capture again, and in 1648 he was put to trial, with a select government. He was beheaded.