TED ALİAĞA COLLEGE / 8-B
Quantum Computers: The Future of Computing or an Unreachable Dream?
Gizem AKDENİZ
22
Quantum computers are emerging as one of the future technologies with the potential to overshadow the computational power of classical computers. However, it is also true that this technology is still in its infancy and faces numerous challenges. In this article, the challenges they face, and their potential future impacts will be discussed.
What are Quantum Computers? Classical computers operate using bits, which present information as 0s and 1s. Quantum computers, on the other hand, utilize quantum bits, or qubits. Unlike classical bits, qubits can exist in a superposition of states, meaning they can be both 0 and 1 simultaneously. This property allows quantum computers to perform many calculations in parallel, enabling them to solve complex problems much faster.
How Quantum Computers Work The working principle of quantum computers is based on fundamental concepts of quantum physics such as superposition, entanglement, and quantum gates. Superposition refers to a qubit’ s ability to exist in multiple states at once. Entanglement is the phenomenon where two or more qubits become linked, and the state of one instantly affects the state of the other. Quantum gates are operations used to manipulate the states of qubits.
Challenges Facing Quantum Computers Developing quantum computers is fraught with challenges. Some of these challenges include:
• Decoherence: Qubits are very sensitive to their environment and can easily lose their quantum properties( decoherence) when interacting with it. This leads to computational errors and limits the computational power of quantum computers.
• Error Correction: Error correction in quantum computers is much more difficult than in classical computers.
• Scalability: Increasing the number of qubits enhances the power of quantum computers but also increases the complexity of the system. Therefore, developing large-scale quantum computers is a significant challenge.