52 JADE SHEPPARD
Conclusion
It is apparent that stress even in extreme situations can be tolerable as long as
sufficient support, such as from parents or guardians, is provided to prevent an
increase to toxic levels. Properly managed, stress can also build resilience which
enables the child to deal with harmful experiences effectively. It is this quality which
defines “vulnerable but invincible” children from backgrounds of extreme risk who
defy all odds to become adaptable and well-rounded individuals (Bronfenbrenner
1986: 723-742). Although the experience of migration is largely negative there are
potentially beneficial outcomes. This is reliant upon appropriate responses to reduce
the impact of traumatic events. Ultimately, when faced with the choice between
possible developmental and the immediate threat of death, the evidence suggests that
the benefits of migration far outweigh the risks.
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