Test Drive | Page 40

  For  Corn,  1/3  of  the  crop  for  the  water  provider.  This  rule  does  not  apply  if   water   owners   sell   water   for   money.   There   are   no   restrictions   on   drinking   water  use.  It  is  for  everyone  even  those  who  come  from  outside  the  area.     Qada   Unit  of  quantity.     Quran  and  Sunna   Quran   and   Sunna   (exemplary   speech   and   deeds   of   Prophet   Muhammad)   are   the  main  sources  of  the  Islamic  law,  Shari’ah.  The  Quran  is  not  a  compilation   of  laws,  but  instead  it  contains  recommendations  or  admonitions.  However,   in   the   case   of   conflict,   e.g.,   in   the   criminal   law   clear   instructions   can   be   found.  Quranic  verses  have  to  be  interpreted  in  order  to  be  used  in  everyday   life.  (Source:  Andjelkovic-­‐Al  Amry,  2005.  Traditional  Conflict  Management  in   Yemen)   Sayl   The   sporadic   and   brief   surface   flood   flows   resulting   from   rainfall.   Also   called   Faidhey.  Compare  with  Ghayl.   Sayyid,  Zaidis   The   Zaidis   are   a   Shiite   group   with   the   viewpoint   that   a   person   only   can   become   an   Imam   if   he   is   a   Sayyid   (descendant   of   the   prophet)   and   has   certain   characteristics   like   courage,   talent,   a   sense   of   fairness,   justice   and   piety.  (Source:  Andjelkovic-­‐Al  Amry,  2005.  Traditional  Conflict  Management   in  Yemen)   Seaf/  Karef   The   floods   arrive   in   two   seasons   Seaf   (summer)   during   March   to   May,   and   Karef  (autumn)  August  to  October.     Shari’ah   Shari’ah  is  a  concept  that  regulates  the  whole  life  of  a  believing  Muslim.  In   many   Arab   countries,   Shari’ah   is   the   basis   of   state   jurisdiction.   Chapter   1,   Article   3   of   the   Yemeni   Constitution   for   example,   states   that   “Islamic   Shari’ah  is  the  source  of  all  legislation.”  The  primary  sources  of  Shari’ah  are   the   Quran   and   Sunna.   In   the   first   centuries   of   the   Islamic   era,   two   more   categories   for   implementing   justice   were   added:   (1)   Igma’,   i.e.,   the   consensus  of  Islamic  scholars  on  a  legal  case,  which  is  cannot  be  amended  by   the   Quran   or   by   Sunna   and   (2)   Qiyas,   analogy   conclusion,   which   made   it   possible   to   adjudicate   upon   new   cases   by   comparing   them   with   already   existing   ones.   (Source:   Andjelkovic-­‐Al   Amry,   2005.   Traditional   Conflict   Management  in  Yemen)   Sheikh   The   ‘Sheikh’   is   responsible   for   difficult   and   serious   cases.   His   judgment   is   legally   effective   for   the   whole   tribe.   The   Sheikh   has   to   be   male,   of   considerable   age,   and   authorized   for   his   function   with   the   required   knowledge  and  wisdom.   Shura   Shura   is   the   concept   of   reciprocal   counseling   with   the   objective   to   decide   upon   a   controversial   issue.   Progressive   scholars   consider   Shura   as   inherent   in   Islam.   They   refer   to   distinct   Quranic   verses   and   the   practice   of   the   prophet   Muhammad.   The   statements   of   the   prophet   Muhammad   (hadith)   give  account  of  the  prophet’s  habit  to  council  with  his  companions  in  cases   of  conflict  and  decision-­‐making.  The  reciprocal  counseling  is  also  mentioned   in  the  Quran,  known  as  Shura.  In  a  political  sense,  reformists  use  the  Shura   concept  as  an  argument  for  political  participation  of  the  population.  (Source:   Andjelkovic-­‐Al  Amry,  2005.  Traditional  Conflict  Management  in  Yemen).   Suruub  al  miiyaah   Water  distributor   Tanseeb   Tanseeb  for  the  graves  of  the  two  that  were  killed.  In  tribal  culture  in  these   The Political Economy in Yemen of Water Management: Conflict Analysis and Recommendations  27  of  241