Test Drive | Page 107

Chapter  6:  Legal  and  regulatory  framework  of  Water  Law     ‘[e]ach  beneficiary  of  any  of  the  water  resources  enjoys  the  right  of  utilization  with  a  view  not  to  harm  these   resources  or  the  interests  of  the  others,  (…).  The  State  intervenes  to  regulate  the  rights  and  duties  of  utilizing   the  water  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  this  Law  and  the  bylaws  and  rules  that  execute  its  provisions.’   These  provisions  show  that,  on  the  one  hand,  water  is  in  principle  owned  by  nobody  as  is  in  line  with  Shari’ah,   whilst,  on  the  other,  water  rights  are  subject  to  rules  formulated  by  the  State  as  is  in  line  with  the  Constitution.     6.4.2    Conditions  of  water  ownership   Shari’ah   recognizes   four   types   of   water   sources   in   relation   to   water   ownership:   (a)   water   enclosed   in   manufactured   receptacles,   (b)   water   in   wells,   cisterns   and   springs,   (c)   water   in   small   rivers   or   streams   belonging  to  specific  communities,  and  (d)  water  in  great  rivers.  Unless  water  is  taken  and  placed  in  privately   owned   containers   as   explained   above   water   cannot   be   privately   owned.   In   the   other   categories,   water   is   owned  either  by