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post-IPO technology companies with operations globally. They have different needs at each stage of growth, but we are able to scale with them for their entire lifecycle. Most of our early-stage clients have already raised initial venture capital funding rounds to develop products, test market acceptance, gain revenue and achieve market adoption. They come to us at that point when they start to see working capital shortfalls or need flexibility between equity rounds. What are the key company metrics your team currently assesses as they work through a deal? We’re always looking for disruptive ideas backed by the best VCs. We look for market potential, competition, revenue growth and profit margins. A strong, collaborative management team with a healthy history and success record is also essential. Additionally, we track how clients perform relative to key milestones and expectations of their boards, to assure they will have access to future capital and the ability to build a company to a successful exit or IPO. Have your processes shifted at all in light of current market conditions? No matter what kind of cycle the market is in, we remain focused on working with top management teams with disruptive technologies that can become viable, ongoing businesses that operate for the long term. We’re always looking for clients who have been able to attract investment from the best venture firms in the world. We find that much of our deal flow comes directly from the venture community and from repeat entrepreneurs we’ve funded in the past. With a long history here in the Valley, we’ve seen many of our clients’ companies get sold. Then, they come back to us when they have that next great idea. How do you feel the rest of 2016 is going to play out? There tends to be a lot of uncertainty in election years, and 2016 could top them all! We’ve seen extreme market turbulence in the early part of the year and there is likely to be continued volatility for the rest of the year. There is also likely to be continued skepticism in the market, causing delays in financing. We urge young companies to do a better job identifying growth drivers within their respective businesses and spending wisely. But even though there are real concerns ahead, with talk of slower growth in China and Europe, the U.S. continues to offer investors from all over the world a place to invest in strong, fast-growing technology businesses. We continue to see a lot of liquidity in the marketplace coming not only from the U.S. and corporate investors, but also internationally. About City National With $36.4 billion in assets, City National Bank provides banking, investment and trust services through 75 offices, including 16 full-service regional centers, in Southern California, the San Francisco Bay Area, Nevada, New York City, Nashville and Atlanta. In addition, the company and its investment affiliates manage or administer $53.9 billion in client investment assets. City National is a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (RBC), one of North America’s leading diversified financial services companies. RBC serves more than 16 million personal, business, public sector and institutional clients through offices in Canada, the United States and 38 other countries. For more information about City National, visit the company’s website at cnb.com. 9 P I TC H B O O K 1 Q 201 6 U. S . V E N T U R E I N D U S T RY R E P O R T