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E X P L O R I N G F U R T H E R . . . What Makes a Leader? ARTICLES “The Manager’s Job: Folklore and Fact” by Henry Mintzberg (Harvard Business Review, March–April 1990, Product no. 90210) Whereas Goleman emphasizes emotional intelligence, Mintzberg focuses on specific skills. In this HBR Classic, Mintzberg uses his and other research to debunk myths about the manager’s role. Managerial work involves interpersonal roles, informational roles, and decisional roles, he notes. These in turn require the ability to develop peer relationships, carry out negotiations, motivate subordinates, resolve conflicts, establish information networks and disseminate information, make decisions with little or ambiguous information, and allocate resources. Good self-management skills are characteristic of most leaders; outstanding leaders also have the ability to empathize with others and to use social skills to advance an agenda. “The Work of Leadership” by Ronald A. Heifetz and Donald L. Laurie (Harvard Business Review, January–February 1997, Product no. 4150) Successfully leading an organization through an adaptive challenge calls for leaders with a high degree of emotional intelligence. But Heifetz and Laurie focus on the requirements of adaptive work, not on emotional maturity. The principles for leading adaptive work include: “getting on the balcony,” forming a picture of the entire pattern of activity; identifying the key challenge; regulating distress; maintaining disciplined attention; giving the work back to the people; and protecting voices of leadership from below. “The Ways Chief Executive Officers Lead” by Charles M. Farkas and Suzy Wetlaufer (Harvard Business Review, May–June 1996, Product no. 96303) CEOs inspire a variety of sentiments ranging from awe to wrath, but there’s little debate over CEOs’ importance in the business world. The authors conducted 160 interviews with executives around the world. Instead of finding 160 different approaches, they found five, each with a singular focus: strategy, people, expertise, controls, or change. The five components of emotional intelligence, singly or in combination, have a great effect on how each focus is expressed in an organization. BOOK John P. Kotter on What Leaders Really Do by John P. Kotter (Harvard Business School Press, 1999, Product no. 8974) In this collection of six articles, Kotter shares his observations on the nature of leadership gained over the past 30 years. Without leadership that can deal successfully with today’s increasingly fast-moving and competitive business environment, he warns, organizations will slow down, stagnate, and lose their way. He presents his views on the current state of leadership through ten observations and revisits his now famous eight-step process for organizational transformation. In contrast to Goleman’s article on emotional intelligence, which is about leadership qualities, Kotter’s work focuses on action: What does a leader do to lead? And how will leadership need to be different in the future? Visit us on the Web at: U.S. and Canada: 800-988-0886 617-783-7500 • Fax: 617-783-7555