Teaching World War I in the 21st Century 1

D2.Geo.1.6-8 Construct maps to represent and explain the spatial patterns of cultural and environmental characteristics. D2.Geo.2.6-8 Use maps, satellite images, photographs, and other representations to explain relationships between the locations of places and regions, and changes in their environmental characteristics. D2.His.1.6-8 Analyze connections among events and developments in broader historical contexts. D2.His.14.6-8 Explain multiple causes and effects of events and developments in the past. DOCUMENTS USED: Journal Article for Teacher Background: Gibson Bell Smith, “Guarding the Railroad, Taming the Cossacks: The US Army in Russia, 1918-1920” http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2002/winter/us-army-in-russia-1.html Letters: Dr. Charles Glen Irons letters, October 10, 1918, November 23, 1918, December 9, 1918, December 18, 1918, January 2, 1919 Charles Irons was a YMCA dentist in China and Russia, who traveled thousands of miles on the Trans-Siberian railway during the Russian Civil War serving with the American Expeditionary Forces in Siberia. Irons traveled from Vladivostok, on the Pacific, deep into the Russian interior in a portion of the war that was kept secret from the U.S. An educated and religious man, he wrote philosophical letters home nearly every day including one typed on birch bark. He met a multi-national cast of characters he observed, including many of the Czech Legion working their way out of Russia. Attempts were made on his life by Bolshevik bandits and the ebb and flow of the Russian Civil War. www.theworldwar.org/lessons Historical Newspapers: “Allied Troops Soon to Enter Siberia to Aid Czecho-Slavs,” The Washington Times, July 23, 1918 http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84026749/1918-07-23/ed-1/seq-3/ “Americans in North Russia Take Towns…,” New-York Tribune, September 28, 1918 http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1918-09-29/ed-1/seq-4/ “Another Hint that 91st May Go West,” Tacoma Times, May 29, 1918 http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn88085187/1918-05-29/ed-1/seq-1/ “Captain Guthrie Lands at Archangel, Russia,” The Coconino Sun, June 20, 1919 http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn87062055/1919-06-20/ed-1/seq-5/ “Bolsheviki Secrets,” The Watchman and Southron, September 21, 1918 http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn93067846/1918-09-21/ed-1/seq-3/ Political Cartoons: Clifford Berryman, “Awake the Russian Bear,” June 29, 1918 http://research.archives.gov/description/6011444 “Three Bones – A Bountiful Tip,” Journal of the American Asiatic Association, April 1918, page 280 https://archive.org/details/asiajournalofa18n04ameruoft Map: Trans-Siberian Railroad Map http://frontiers.loc.gov/intldl/mtfhtml/mfdev/map_TrSib.html Lesson Plans & Activities 35

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