measurement methods used to make projections of climate and weather, applications of ' environmentally-friendly ' power generation, physics within air and water in the environment and how a variety of phenomena arise from them, the principles of assembly and fabrication of nano materials, knowledge of inter- and intra-molecular forces involved in assembly, characterisation techniques and their application to functional nano materials, application of nano materials including the societal factors governing their use, The electronic properties of molecules, Radioactive decay, ionizing radiation, particle radiation, orientation of electromagnetic radiation and particle properties of light, the interaction of different types of radiation and biological systems, Radiation safety, and applications in medicine and technology, etc. are just a few topic areas.
Physical Education: The subject, physical education, can contribute to ESD by helping pupils to understand the importance of physical fitness and how proper physical activities, combined with healthy eating plate model can give them the opportunities to influence their own health and life.
Knowledge of the human physiology, need for physical fitness and active lifestyle, nutritious eating habits, etc. can help the society towards a greater social sustainability by reducing the risk for” diseases of affluence”. There are studies suggesting that exercise, even in the form of a daily walk, can cure depression. 31
Social Science: ESD is the natural ingredient of social science. Sustainability issues are a part of everyday classroom. It is not just about teaching democracy and practical application within the school and society, but also to about the different outcomes of democracy.
In order for everyone to express their opinion on the issues of sustainability, interclass debates can be organised where students stand for and against the topic, ESD debates in the cyber media where scientific evidence / facts are discussed and expressed is another form of teaching ESD in an informal classroom. This can form a good basis for cross curriculum teaching where subjects such as mother tongue, ESL and modern languages are concerned. Students can focus on the democratic right to be heard in public both orally and in writing not only in their own country but also internationally.
Students can research further and present sustainability issues such as environmental, political and economic conflict, their causes and impacts on the society, country and the world. Consumption is the biggest evil in the modern society. Understanding the effects of production and consumption( Global Goal 12) can lead to responsible young adults. Opportunities for cross-curriculum teaching with subjects like social science, history and geography can be effective. The consumption behaviour of the developed and the developing countries of the world and their ecological footprints can be discussed. The constant pursuit for economic growth by the companies can be used to help students understand the consequences and effect on the natural diversity in a geography or science / biology lesson. For example, the production and consumption of the ever popular, Nutella can in turn affect the natural habitat of Orangutan thus leading to their almost extinction 32.
31 The Effect of Exercise on Depression, Anxiety and Other Mood States: A review. A. Byrne and D. G. Byrne. http:// www. jpsychores. com / Journal of Psychosematic Research, Volume 37, Issue 6, Pages 565 – 574 and ww. scientificamerican. com / article / regular-walking-can-help-ease-depression /( both assessed on 20th of July, 2016)
32 www. telegraph. co. uk / foodanddrink / foodanddrinknews / 11680458 / Is-our-appetite-for-Nutella-destroying-the-
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