Teach Middle East Magazine Issue 2 Volume 2 Nov-Dec 2014 | Page 60

Rosa Parks Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet Ralph Bunche Napoleon Bonaparte Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart THIS MONTH IN HISTORY DECEMBER T he month of December signifies the end of a calendar year. It is usually one that is rich with festivities. Each month brings with it a series of interesting, historical events. Let us take a quick look at the month of December. The Observer was first published in Britain on December 4, 1791. It is now the oldest newspaper in the world. Educator Thomas Gallaudet was born on December 10, 1787, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He cofounded the American School for the Deaf in Hartford, Connecticut, in 1817. On December 5, 1791, renowned musician and composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart died a pauper at age 35 in Vienna, Austria. At the time of his death, he had created over 600 musical compositions. He is widely referred to as one of the finest composers who ever lived. He began composing at the age of five. Napoleon Bonaparte was crowned Emperor of France in Paris on December 2, 1804 by Pope Pius V111. 58 Nov - Dec 2014 On December 6, 1865, the 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified, abolishing slavery. On December 10, 1950, Dr Ralph Bunche became the first African American man awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, for his efforts in mediation between Israel and nearby Arab states during the previous year. He was involved in the formation and administration of the United Nations. In 1963, he was awarded the Medal of Freedom by President John F. Kennedy. December 1, 1955: Rosa Parks was arrested in Montgomery, Alabama for refusing to give up her seat to a white man and moving to the back section of a municipal bus. Her act of bravery is considered to be the start of the modern civil rights movement in America. Her arrest led to a yearlong boycott of the bus system by African Americans. It also led to legal actions that resulted in the termination of racial segregation on municipal buses throughout the South. December 2, 1971: The United Arab Emirates was formed, consisting of After The Bell seven Arab kingdoms on the eastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula. These kingdoms include the former Trucial states Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm al Qaiwain and Fujairah. Ras al-Khaimah became a member in 1972. On December 2, 1982, Dr William Dvries implanted the first permanent artificial heart in Barney C Clark, who was on the verge of dying. The operation took place at the University of Utah Medical Centre in Salt Lake City. Clark, who was 61 years old, survived for 112 days after the operation. On December 1, 1988, Benazir Bhutto was nominated to become the prime minister of Pakistan. She is the first woman to govern a Muslim nation.