Teach Middle East Magazine Issue 1 Volume 3 Sep-Oct 2015 | Page 62

THIS MONTH IN HISTORY october Noah Webster Mahatma Gandhi Pablo Picasso O ctober is jam-packed with month long observances, cultural celebrations, events and holidays. The following are historical events that took place in the month of October. October 4, 1582 - The Gregorian Calendar took effect in Catholic countries as Pope Gregory XIII issued a decree stating the day following Thursday, October 4, 1582, would be Friday, October 15, 1582, correcting a 10-day error accumulated by the Julian Calendar. Britain and the American colonies adopted the Gregorian calendar in 1752. American teacher and journalist, Noah Webster was born on October 16, 1758 in West Hartford, Connecticut. His name became synonymous with “dictionary” after he compiled the first American dictionaries of the English language. October 16, 1793 - Queen Marie Antoinette was beheaded during the Reign of Terror following the French Revolution. She was the wife of King Louis XVI and had become the symbol of the people’s hatred for the old regime due to her extravagance and frivolity. According to legend, she responded, “Let them eat cake,” when told poor people had no bread. Indian political and spiritual leader Mohandas (Mahatma) Gandhi was 60 | Sep - Oct 2015 | | BILL GATES Martin Luther King Jr born on October 2, 1869 in Porbandar, India. He achieved worldwide fame for his devout lifestyle and nonviolent resistance, which ended British rule over India. He was assassinated by a religious fanatic in the garden of his home in New Delhi on January 30, 1948. On October 22, 1879, Thomas Edison successfully tested an electric incandescent lamp with a carbonized filament at his laboratory. It remained lit for over 13.5 hours. Artist Pablo Picasso was born on October 25, 1881 in Malaga, Spain. He was an experimental painter and also became a fine sculptor, engraver and ceramist. The first “talkie” opened in New York on October 6, 1927, heralding the ascendance of “talkies” and the decline of silent films. The Jazz Singer, starring Al Jolson was the first full-length feature film using spoken dialogue. The United Nations was founded on October 24, 1945. On October 1, 1949, the People’s Republic of China was founded with Mao Zedong as Chairman. Microsoft founder Bill Gates was born in Seattle, Washington on October 28, 1955. In 1975, he co-founded After The Bell Microsoft with Paul Allen, designing software for IBM computers. By 1980, Microsoft became the leading software company for IBM compatible computers. Gates became a billionaire by age 31 and remains one of the world’s wealthiest individuals. On October 9, 1962, the Republic of Uganda achieved independence after nearly 70 years of British rule. On October 14, 1964, Civil Rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr., became the youngest recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize. On October 31, 1984 - Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was assassinated by three Sikh members of her bodyguard while walking in the garden of her New Delhi home. She is the second-longest-serving Prime Minister of India and the only woman to hold the office. After 45 years of Cold War division, East and West Germany were reunited on October 3, 1990, as the Federal Republic of Germany. October 3 is recognised as Germany Unity Day and is celebrated as a public holiday. *October is observed as Breast Cancer Awareness Month in America, Canada and a few other countries. Source: The History Place, Wikipedia