Risk factors
No one knows for sure why the eye’s lens changes as
we age, forming cataracts. But researchers worldwide
have identified factors that may cause cataracts or
are associated with cataract development. Besides
advancing age, cataract risk factors include:
•
Ultraviolet radiation from sunlight and other
sources
•
Diabetes
•
Hypertension
•
Obesity
•
Smoking
•
Prolonged use of corticosteroid medications
•
Statin medicines used to reduce cholesterol
•
Previous eye injury or inflammation
•
Previous eye surgery
•
Hormone replacement therapy
•
Significant alcohol consumption
•
High myopia
•
Family history
One theory of cataract formation that’s gaining favor
is that many cataracts are caused by oxidative changes in the human lens. This is supported by nutrition
studies that show fruits and vegetables high in antioxidants may help prevent certain types of cataracts
(see below).
Though there is significant controversy about whether cataracts can be prevented, a number of studies
suggest certain nutrients and nutritional supplements may reduce your risk of cataracts.
• Higher dietary intakes of vitamin E and the carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin from food and supplements were associated with significantly decreased
risks of cataract. Good food sources of vitamin E
include sunflower seeds, almonds and spinach. Good
sources of lutein and zeaxanthin include spinach,
kale and other green, leafy vegetables.
• Antioxidant vitamins such as vitamin C and foods
containing omega-3 fatty acids may reduce cataract
risk.