Effects of Farmand and Fränkel-2 functional appliances on mandibular deficiency in late mixed dentition
Original Articles
After treatment, SNB and ANB showed significant changes. The Increase of SNB and decrease of ANB are indicative of favorable changes in the mandibular growth. The increase of GoGn, Co-Gn, and Co-Pog also indicates favorable mandibular growth. The Farmand appliance is a passive tooth-born appliance composed of one extended labial bow on each jaw, two rests( stop) on each dental arch, a tongue bow and an acrylic plate. The labial bows with a distance of 1 mm from the labial surfaces of the upper and lower anterior teeth, act as an eruptive guidance for the incisors as well as eliminating the perioral muscles’ forces, especially in case of severe mentalis muscle contraction. The tongue bow, with its loop in a distal direction, helps the patient to redirect his / her tongue to a distal position, thus removing the tongue pressure from the anterior part of the upper jaw. In addition, the patient is instructed to open and close his / her mandible while stabilizing the appliance on the maxillary arch by the tongue tip. This kind of exercise will improved the patient’ s adaptation in the new advanced mandibular position. The rests( stop), which are placed in the mesial surfaces of the first molars, restrict the first molars mesial movement and assist in achieving Class I molar relationship by forward movement of mandible. In two recent studies, Yassaei and Soroush 17 and Yassaei et al. 21 studied the effects of the Farmand functional appliance on the hyoid bone position in Class II division 1 malocclusion patients. They found that the hyoid bone shifted significantly forward in the horizontal dimension. The results of our study are consistent with the findings of the study conducted by Perillo et al. 6 in which the Fränkel-2 treatment produced a significant
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the finding of other functional appliances. The Farmand functional appliance, similar to the Bionator functional appliance is not as bulky as the FR-2 appliance and shows better patient tolerance and does not interfere as much with their speech. The treatment in this study was for skeletal correction and further treatment in all patients was continued with fixed orthodontics.
5. Conclusion Farmand functional appliances and Fränkel appliance were successful in the correction of mandibular deficiency in Class II division 1 patients and can be used as an alternative functional appliance.
Author Contributions Concept- HP, AJ; Design- HP, AJ; Supervision- AJ; Resources- AM, AD; Materials- AM, AD; Data Collection and / or Processing – AM; Analysis and / or Interpretation- AD, ZK; Literature Search- LP, LN; Writing Manuscript- LP, AJ; Critical Review- LP, AJ. Conflicts of Interest None declared.
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