ORAL MANIFESTATIONS IN IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA: A CASE REPORT REPORTS OF 40 CASES

Mihaela Florina Loredana Cojanu, 1a * Dana Nicoleta Antonescu, 1b Iulia Constantinescu, 2c Anca Săsăreanu, 3d Sabina Andrada Zurac 4e

1

Department of Restorative Odontotherapy, Faculty of Dental Medicine,“ Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

2

Department of Hematology, National Institute of Transfusion Hematology“ Prof. Dr. C. T. Nicolau”, Bucharest, Romania

3

Department of Hematology, Institute of Oncology“ Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu”, Bucharest, Romania

4

Department of Pathology, Faculty of Dental Medicine,“ Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

a, b

DMD, Clinical Assistant c, d

DMD e

DMD, Professor

Received: June 01, 2017 Received Revised: June 15 30, 2017

Accepted: June 29 Revised, 2017: Published: June Accepted 30, 2017:

Published: Academic Editor:: Constantinus David Wray, Politis MD( Honours MD, DDS),, BDS MM, MHA MB ChB, PhD, FDS, Professor, RCPS &( Glasgow Chairperson), FDS, Oral RCS and( Edinburgh Maxillofacial), F Med Surgery Sci, University Hospitals Leuven Professor, KU Emeritus Leuven, Leuven Professor, Belgium, Department of Oral Medicine, Dental School, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

Cite this article: Cojanu MFL,, Antonescu DN DN,, Constantinescu I, I, Săsăreanu A, Zurac A, Zurac SA. Oral SA. Oral manifestations in iron in deficiency iron deficiency anemia anemia: a report: case of 40 reports cases. Stoma Edu J.. 2017; 4( 23): 114-125..

AbstrAct DOI: 10.25241 / stomaeduj. 2017.4( 2). art. 4 Introduction: The aim of this work is to reveal the clinical, radiological, immunological, cytological,

The aim of this work is to reveal the clinical, radiological, immunological, cytological, microbiological and histopathological manifestations of oral pathology taking the form of sideropenia, correlations and interdependence. Summary: During a four-years period a study was conducted on patients with different clinical forms of iron deficiency anemia( IDA) and the prevalence of oral diseases in those patients was highlighted. This paper discusses 24 case results and presents two clinical cases, patients with iron deficiency anemia( by: metrorrhagia, deficiency, gingiva bleeding, colon cancer) and oral symptoms associated. The results are meaningful and applicable to the whole group studied. Sampling was done according to the directions of interest in the study regarding: sex, age, the type of anemia, dental and periodontal lesions. Key learning points: The originality of the study lies in the association of specific examination of the oral cavity with the investigations used in other medical specialties, which led to the creation of a more accurate diagnosis and the establishment of a connection( sometimes specific issues) between oral diseases and systemic disease, represented in this study by various forms of sideropenia. Keywords: oral medicine, iron deficiency anemia, sideropenia, dental and periodontal manifestations.

1. Introduction Anemia represents a world wide health problem which affects both developing and developed countries. It affects all groups of age. Globally 24.8 % of the population reveal anemia, in Europe the percentage being 22.9 %. Approximately half of the cases with anemia are due to iron deficiency. 1, 2 Anemia may be classified clinically, morphologically, erythro-kinetic and etio-pathogenic. The clinical classification is associated with decreased levels of hemoglobin and / or a decreased packed red cell volume( hematocrit). 3, 4 Iron deficiency is also characterized by a reduced value of the mean corpuscular volume( MCV) and the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration( MCHC), caused by lack of iron. 1 Grading:

• Mild anemia: Hb 11-9 g / dl, Hct 39-30 %;

• Moderate anemia: Hb 9-7 g / dl, Hct 30-22 %;

• Severe anemia: Hb 7-3 g / dl, Hct 22-10 %. 14

2. Methodology Clinical examination determined intraoral assessment of mucosa, periodontium and caries lesions. Detection of caries involved both clinical( visual and tactile) and radiographic examination. Evaluation of the periodontium consisted of clinical assessment of attachment levels, bone topography( radiographs evaluation) and tooth mobility; inflammatory status of the tissue, tissue color, texture, contours, edema and sulcular exudates was also noted.

* Corresponding author: Clinical Assistant Mihaela Florina Loredana Cojanu, DMD Department of Restorative Odontotherapy, Faculty of Dental Medicine,“ Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania, 17-23 Plevnei Street, Bucharest, 1 District, RO-010232 Romania, Tel: + 40722766503, Fax: 021.315.85.37, e-mail: loredana. cojanu @ gmail. com; lory _ cojanu @ yahoo. com.