8. The asset-substitution effect of Social Security pensions discourages saving.
9. The availability of Social Security pensions to workers over normal retirement age results in an income effect unfavorable to work but no substitution effect.
10. The bequest effect of Social Security encourages workers to save less.
11. The normal retirement age for Social Security old-age pensions is 67 for people born in the United States in 1960 or later.
12. Workers in the United States can retire under Social Security at age 62 with lower pensions than they would receive at their normal retirement age.
13. As of 2009, retired workers between the ages of 62 and their normal retirement age were subject to an“ earnings test” that reduced their pension by $ 1 for each $ 2 of earnings after a certain minimum level of earnings.
14. Reducing the replacement rate will have no effect on the tax rate necessary to finance pensions under a pay-as-you-go, tax-financed pension system.
15. Workers who quit their jobs are eligible for unemployment insurance benefits in the United States.
16. By 2050, the expected percentage of the U. S. population that is considered elderly will be less than 20 %.
17. Social Security was created in 1965.
18. On average, the elderly are less likely to be poor when compared to the rest of the U. S. population.
Multiple Choice Questions 1. The Social Security retirement system: a. is a fully funded pension system.
b. is a tax-financed system that pays benefits from taxes that are invested to return principal and interest to workers when they retire.
c. is a tax-financed retirement system that finances pensions by taxing workers each year and transferring the bulk of revenues obtained directly to retirees.
d. does not use taxes on workers to pay pensions to retirees. 2. The gross replacement rate: