STANSW Science Education News Journal 2019 2019 SEN Vol 68 Issue 4 | Page 43

ARTICLES Observation Studies of Constellations in the Earth and Space (continued) Looking south again down towards the horizon in the vicinity of faint southern constellations of Tucana, Hydrus and Dorado (use star charts if needed) will reveal two very large objects that look like cloud patches. These are in fact neighbouring galaxies to our own, and are referred to as the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds after the explorer who first noted them. They are shown in Picture 10 below. Photo 8: Capricornus The two brighter stars on the left horn are Alpha and Beta Capricorni. The two stars forming the pointy bottom are Gamma and Delta Capricorni. Just to the right of these two bottom stars is the M30 globular cluster. Looking upwards, just above the two stars that form the right hand horn is a faint spiral galaxy, NGC6907. Photo 10: The Large and Small Magellanic clouds are galaxies Grus is an exceptionally bright constellation found by looking directly south and halfway up the horizon an hour after sunset. As Photo 9 shows Grus really does look like the crane it was named after. The bright star at top centre is Alpha Gruis, also called Alnair. This is a large blue star. Below it are two sets of easily identifiable double stars. These stars are of course unrelated and only look double because of our vantage point on Earth. Following the two double stars towards the next star along will lead to the Spare Tyre nebula (best seen with binoculars though). Doing observation study There are some logistical things worth doing if you want the observation study to be successful, especially if it is being done as a homework task. In a previous article I explained the ‘8 steps to the heavens’ which outlined the logistical steps required to conduct observations of the night sky (De Nobile, 2017). Whilst there is no space here to repeat that information, I have included an overview of the eight steps below for constellation studies. Step 1: Find information about constellations and objects yourself using reliable sources such as Astronomy magazine, Sky & Telescope website, NASA website and the Sydney Observatory. These are also good sources of star charts and sky maps for various months or times of the year. Step 2: Plan ahead for teaching by aligning teaching sequences to the best times of the year for the particular constellations to be studied. Step 3: Do the groundwork by planning any pre-teaching of skills relevant to the observation studies including drawing, labelling and night time observing. Step 4: Introduce the task with clear directions about directions to look (star charts are helpful here), knowing how to determine directions (maybe using sunset as a rough gauge for ‘west’), Photo 9: Grus 43 SCIENCE EDUCATIONAL NEWS VOL 68 NO 4