[ Standards ] but are not limited to different types of heat treatment , cleaning methods , machining , and welding . Tables or declarations show what heat treatment is allowed for each individual alloy . Very specialized welding programs are indicated in the material specifications that are required for staying compliant with the needs of the high-specification contracts . Control of filler materials , welder qualifications , equipment calibration , development of welding procedures and many other elements are required to be compliant with the relevant standards .
[ Standards ] but are not limited to different types of heat treatment , cleaning methods , machining , and welding . Tables or declarations show what heat treatment is allowed for each individual alloy . Very specialized welding programs are indicated in the material specifications that are required for staying compliant with the needs of the high-specification contracts . Control of filler materials , welder qualifications , equipment calibration , development of welding procedures and many other elements are required to be compliant with the relevant standards .
EN / ISO Pressure Equipment Directives and Regulations Since 1997 the European Union ( EU ) has been developing new directives to regulate pressure vessel activities and certification of designs , components , and source materials like castings and forgings . In January of 2022 the United Kingdom had a Pressure Equipment ( Safety )
Regulation following the same types of alignment and rules . The BREXIT UK Pressure Directive is in force for England , Northern Ireland , Wales , and Scotland . Producing castings for these standards has many complexities . These two directives have provisions where ASTM and ASME materials can be used for supplied projects using a completed and endorsed notified body with a document called a Particular Material Appraisal ( PMA ). This PMA document has specific design conditions such as temperature ( lowest operating temperature ), pressure for usage , and other design considerations . It will also list a material for use which could be an American cast grade .
Inspection personnel qualification All non-destructive testing methods on both ASME or PED require highly trained , evaluated , and certified personnel to perform these types of tests and evaluations . Each NDE / NDT method has rigorous classroom and hands-on training that needs to be documented prior to certification .
Inspection High-specification products require qualification of the physical condition of the casting both on the surface and volumetrically . The use of different types of NDE / NDT methods verifies conformance to the standards that are agreed upon with the customer . Common foundry techniques to verify the level of quality on the surface , sub-surface , and volumetric analysis are detailed in Table 2 .
NDE / NDT overview These are just some of the more common tests that may be performed on high-specification work that end up in pressure applications . The pressure codes all require different levels of inspection to ensure quality .
Table 1 . Some of the EU / UK vs . US material and testing specifications .
Special process or testing technique
ISO or EN test method specification required
ASME or ASTM test method specifications required for PMA PED / UK PESR orders
Welding
Chemical analysis
Tensile testing
EN ISO 9606 – 1 thru 5 assorted welding activities EN ISO 15164 – Welder personnel qualification
EN ISO 15350 – Determining C & S EN ISO 10720 – Determining N & O EN ISO 10200 – Chemical analysis of ferrous materials
EN ISO 6892-1Tension testing EN895 Destructive weld tensile test
ASME BPVC , Section IX welding code ASTM A488 – Foundry welding code
ASTM A751 – Test methods chemical analysis
ASTM E8 – Standard method of tension testing
Impact testing EN ISO 148-1 ASTM E23 – Notched bar impact testing Hardness testing
NDE / NDT personnel Qualification
NDT – X-Ray ( RT )
NDT – Liquid penetrant ( PT )
NDT – Magnetic particle ( MT )
NDT – Ultrasonic ( UT )
NDT – Visual ( VT )
Material certification
ISO 6506 – Brinell testing ISO 6508 Rockwell testing
EN ISO 9712 – Qualification and certification of testing personnel
EN ISO 5579 – Radiographic testing of metallic materials
ISO 3452 – Liquid penetrant , general principals
EN ISO 9934 – Magnetic particle testing ISO 17638 – Magnetic particle testing of welds
ISO 4992-1 – Ultrasonic testing of castings EN ISO 17640 – NDT of welds
EN13018 – Visual testing , general concepts ISO 17637 – Visual testing of weld joints
EN 10205 – Metallic inspection documents EN 764-5 – Inspection documentation of metallic materials and compliance with the material specifications
ASTM E10 – Brinell testing ASTM E18 – Rockwell testing
ASNT SNT-TC-1A for personnel qualification
ASTM E94 – Standard RT film methods ASTM E2035 – Computed radiographic method
ASTM E165 – General industrial method ASTM E1209-Fluorescent method
ASTM E1444 – Standard practice for MT
ASTM A609 – Casting inspection
ASTM A802 – Visual ‘ MSS SP-55
ASTM A703 – Pressure containing parts
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