[ Additive Manufacturing ]
[ Additive Manufacturing ]
An introduction to 3DEO ’ s Intelligent Layering ®
Intelligent Layering ® was specifically designed to tackle the high cost and low throughput problems typically associated with metal additive manufacturing . Provided as a service by 3DEO alongside its proprietary automation platform , the result is a production method that virtually eliminates machine amortization as a part cost driver . It also attacks cost through the use of commodity metal powders , which can be as much as twenty times less costly than powders used in powder bed fusion . There are no degrading processes in Intelligent Layering ® , so part-to-part and machine-to-machine repeatability enables a high yield process . As a result of the tightly packed fine powder , 3DEO offers surfaces in metal additive manufacturing at 100 Ra or better . Due to the lower variability between parts , as well as predictable ductility and strength , 3DEO has been helping more aerospace companies de-risk their supply chains and produce higher quality , lower yield loss components , specifically working with 17-4 PH stainless steel . To make an accurate comparison , let ’ s take a look at the capabilities and properties of 17-4 PH investment cast parts vs . 3DEO components .
Figure 3 . Minimum tensile strength for condition .
The effects of porosity in investment casting 17-4 PH vs . 3DEO-printed 17-4 PH While measuring the low porosity in 17-4 PH indicates alloy strength , hardness and density , comparing the amount of low bulk porosity between investment casting and 3DEO can be misleading . Both exhibit lower porosity when compared to many other manufacturing methods . It ’ s
Figure 4 . Material properties . Precipitation-hardening martensitic stainless steel .
the predictability and consistency of the porosity part-to-part that makes a large difference between the two , due to local regions of high void content in investment cast parts . This is best exemplified in the durability and elongation of the parts during testing .
Stress-strain curve comparison The stress-strain curve is a measurement technique to gauge the material strength of a fabricated metal under load . Because the same metal can be manipulated differently during manufacturing , it is imperative to perform these tests to see how the metal may or may not change its shape when subjected to certain magnitudes of force . Stress , therefore , is measured as the ratio of the applied force to the area of material in which it is applied ; and strain is the ratio of change in dimension compared to the metal ’ s initial dimensions . Both stress and strain are always present , and must be measured to gain a full purview of the metal ’ s performance . Another way to look at stress-strain is if you imagine having a semi-filled balloon . When you push on it , or deform the balloon , the resistance it shows is the internal stress . The change in dimension is the strain . Any time a material undergoes strain , the metal will try to regain its initial state through internal stress . In the case of comparing the manufactured mechanical properties of
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