[ Wastewater Management ]
[ Wastewater Management ]
Floating in the river Seine , the “ Annette K ” swimming pool was built for the Paris Olympics , using stainless steel sheets supplied by Schmidt Edelstahl . The architect is Seine Design . Photo : Sergio Grazia .
that can be produced is hydrochloric acid , which can be used to clean parts of the desalination plant and is also a source of hydrogen . The increasing synergy between the desalination and chemical industries can be seen in the concentration in brine of not only salt but chemicals such as magnesium , potassium and bromine that can be nano-filtered out and recycled in chemical plants . Other important trends improving the efficiency of water treatment include portable desalination and air-to-water plants . Although desalination plants are getting bigger , remote locations , yachts and off-grid locations require micro-solutions ( similar to the current trend towards smaller nuclear plants ). MIT is working on a system to remove particles and salts through electricity , eliminating the need for filters and highpressure pumps . Furthermore , it is now possible to produce water from moist air . France ’ s Eole Water is pioneering
Water and the Olympics this by using a modified wind turbine design . Air is sucked into an electric cooling processor , where the moisture is extracted and condensed into water . The device works even in drier climates : Eole ’ s prototype in the Abu Dhabi desert produces 62 litres per hour . Recycling : Treated wastewater is widely used in irrigation and industry . This requires removal of sediment , bacteria and micropollutants . What is relatively new is recycling of water for drinking . This is still little known in the cooler regions of the north , but in the waterstressed tropical and southern regions it is catching on : examples include Namibia , Australia , California , Texas and Singapore . But France , Spain , Portugal and Greece are prone to drought as well , and it is only a matter of time before recycled drinking water , unappetizing though it may sound , will be introduced there . In an effort to overcome negative emotions over this issue , in 2018
As part of the preparations for the Olympics in Paris this summer , 1.4 billion euros were spent on a massive clean-up of the long-polluted river Seine . This allowed some of the swimming races to be held in the river . ( However , some of the participating athletes were taken ill and hospitalized .) A huge water overflow and storage basin was built in the area round the Gare Austerlitz in the heart of Paris . With a capacity of 20 Olympic swimming pools ( 50,000 cu m ), it captures and stores dirty water and redirects it towards a treatment plant where it is cleaned before being released into the river . This prevents untreated water from overwhelming the treatment facilities and polluting the Seine . Other newly built facilities include a water treatment plant in Champigny-sur- Marne , east of Paris . A floating swimming pool with gym , “ Annette K ”, was also built for the Olympics . The suspended pool , resembling a ship ’ s hull , was built of wood , glass and stainless steel . Italy ’ s Myrtha Pools also installed two modular stainless-steel swimming pools at La Defense Arena , for the swimming and water polo events . The pools use 47 tonnes of the Italian company ’ s stainless-steel components . Because swimming pool water is chlorinated and warm , type 316L is standard in items such as piping , attachments and rails .
Sweden ’ s IVL Swedish Environmental Institute , Nya Carnegie Brewery , and Carlsberg Sweden launched PU : REST , a beer made with recycled water . A year later in Germany , Reuse Beer , also made from recycled water , was launched but is no longer being produced . Automation : Information technology ( including AI ) is an integral part of the drive towards efficiency . When Shenzhen ( China ) modernized its water supply a few years ago , it installed a smart control system uniting the primary ( mains ) and secondary systems . The latter were equipped with meters and cameras to monitor flow rates and performance of valves and pumps . Veolia applies smart monitoring solutions to protect water networks . These speed up the informationgathering process , allowing instantaneous decision-making . The KAPTA™ 3000-AC4sensors collect physico-chemical data ( conductivity , pressure , temperature and chlorine content ) to warn of problems such as leaks , corrosion , clogging or contaminants .
Materials “ 304 or higher ” is standard in the specification of stainless steel in water projects . In practice this means that austenitics 304 ( L ) and 316 ( L ) are the most commonly applied grades in pipes , storage tanks , valves and pumps . This was not always the case : in the past , concrete , bamboo and wood were among the materials used . In China , secondary water systems were traditionally made with galvanized steel , ductile iron or plastic , which are all prone to leak . The ambitious Shenzhen modernization project used 304 and 316 , and although the older materials persist in existing infrastructure , 316L is now
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