[ Petrochemical ] to create durable structures . However , the quality of the welding equipment can significantly impact the outcome of the welding process and overall quality of the end product . Intergranular corrosion - Results from heating stainless steel to a specific temperature range , often between 550 ° C and 850 ° C . This causes chromium to precipitate from the stainless steel and reduces the ability of the passivation layer to form .
[ Petrochemical ] to create durable structures . However , the quality of the welding equipment can significantly impact the outcome of the welding process and overall quality of the end product . Intergranular corrosion - Results from heating stainless steel to a specific temperature range , often between 550 ° C and 850 ° C . This causes chromium to precipitate from the stainless steel and reduces the ability of the passivation layer to form .
Conclusion Stainless steel is essential in petroleum refineries by enabling productive results while protecting processing equipment and offering a better lifecycle cost than lesser-quality materials . Stainless steel has been proven to have a lower cost over time than other materials due to its superior durability , corrosion and heat-resistant properties , and hygienic benefits . The creation of a corrosion protective layer with a minimum of 10.5 % Cr and approx . 3 % Mo prevents many types of corrosion . In addition to large items such as tanks and pressure vessels , numerous small stainless items such as
While the initial material cost may be slightly higher for stainless steel , the overall lifecycle cost is lower for critical refinery equipment such as this heat exchanger .
valves are used throughout a refinery for their resistance to erosion and corrosion . Stainless stems , gates , and seats assure trouble-free operation . Corrosion in the petroleum industry not only damages processing equipment but also causes changes in product properties and mechanical behaviour . Global losses due to corrosion in the oil and gas industry are estimated to be about 3-4 % of global GDP .
Source : AISI / ASTM , Welding Journal
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