Speciality Chemicals Magazine SEP / OCT 2021 | Page 56

BIOCIDES
‣ from the faeces of infected animals . Coccidia oocysts are protected by a thick and complex shell-like structure that provides protection from the environment and makes them particularly resistant to general surface disinfectants . 10 Disinfectant products formulated with phenolics , typically chlorocresol , can be chemically engineered to penetrate and destroy coccida oocysts , thereby breaking the chain of infection from
10 , 11
one production cycle to the next . Another disease of notable current concern in farming is African swine fever ( ASF ), a highly infectious and usually deadly disease in pigs . Outbreaks have been reported in multiple EU member states since 2015 , particularly parts of Eastern Europe and Germany . 12 Between 2016 and 2020 , dead and culled loses of 6,733,791 swine in Asia and 1,383,372 in Europe were reported . 13 Currently , there are no commercially available ASF vaccines , so the importance of a robust biosecurity programme cannot be understated . Phenolics are capable of destroying the ASF virus through membrane damage , and denaturation and coagulation of proteins . 6 Phenolic disinfectant products are also effective against highly pathogenic avian influenza , Newcastle disease , porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome , and foot and mouth disease . 14
Real-world conditions
Besides their broad efficacy spectrum , phenolic active substances
Phenolics are widely used in animal hygiene applications on farms
also perform well under real-world conditions . For example , they are stable in the presence of organic matter , meaning that their activity is maintained , even in environments contaminated with dirt , faeces ,
15 , 16 blood , etc . In addition , the actives are effective at the low temperatures often found on farms , which has been demonstrated by their effectiveness in the European veterinary test standards conducted at 10 º C . 16 This make them suitable active ingredients for boot and wheel dip bath products as well . Unlike other active substances , the phenolic ingredients approved as BPR active substances have not been implicated in the development of bacterial resistance to biocides , a topic that is being assessed and investigated by research groups and chemical agencies . 17 This makes them an excellent choice for use in rotational disinfectant programmes .
Summary
Disinfectant formulators face numerous challenges to ensure they produce efficacious , sustainable and regulatory-compliant products . Synthetic phenolic compounds can be formulated to produce disinfectant products that are fit to address both current and future societal needs , making them an attractive option for modern biocides . •
Dr Kelly Board
LANXESS MATERIAL PROTECTION PRODUCTS
HEAD OF R & D – ACTIVES k + 44 1787 377305 J kelly . board @ lanxess . com j www . lanxess . com
References :
1 : W . B . Hugo , Microbios ., 1978 , 23 ( 92 ), 83-85
2 : https :// echa . europa . eu / information-onchemicals / biocidal-active-substances
3 : E . S . Wright & R . A . Russell , Appl . Microbiol ., 1961 , 9 ( 6 ), 508-510 ; W . A . Rutala et al ., Am J Med ., 1991 , 91 ( 3B ), 267S-271S
4 : G . McDonnell & J . Hansen , Block ’ s Disinfection , Sterilization , & Preservation , 6th Ed ., Philadelphia , Wolters Kluwer , 2021 , Chapter 20 , 424
5 : ibid ., 425 ; G . McDonnell & D . Russell , Clinical Microbiology Rev ., 1999 , 12 ( 1 ),
147 - 179 ; P . Maris , Rev . Sci . Tech . Off . Int . Epiz ., 1995 , 14 ( 1 ), 47 – 55
6 : M . Juszkiewicz et al ., J . Vet . Res ., 2019 , 63 , 17 – 25 .
7 : https :// www . epa . gov / coronavirus / aboutlist-n-disinfectants-coronavirus-covid-19-0
8 : ECDC : Disinfection of Environments in Healthcare & Non-healthcare Settings Potentially Contaminated with SARS-CoV-2 , Stockholm , 2020 .
9 : D . M . Blake et al ., Vet Res , 2020 , 51 ( 1 ), 115 – 128 .
10 : A . Daugschies et al ., Parasitol Res ., 2013 , 112 ( 3 ), 917-932
11 : E . F . Kaleta , Disinfection in Poultry Medicine - aims & means , 2013
12 : https :// www . gov . uk / government / publications / african-swine-fever-in-pigsand-boars-in-europe # history
13 : World Animal Health Information Department , ASF Report 47 , 2016 – 2020 ,
14 : https :// lanxess . com / en / Productsand-Solutions / Brands / Virkon / Biosecurity- Disinfectants / Virkon-LSP / Summaryefficacy-data
15 : G . McDonnell & J . Hansen , Block ’ s Disinfection , Sterilization & Preservation , 6th Ed ., Philadelphia , Wolters Kluwer , 2021 , Chapter 20 , 427
16 : Phenolic derivatives for effective veterinary disinfection brochure , available on request from Lanxess , 2019
17 : A . D . Russell , The Lancet Infectious Diseases , 2003 , 3 ( 12 ), 794-803 ; G . McDonnell & J . Hansen , Block ’ s Disinfection , Sterilization & Preservation , 6th Ed ., Philadelphia , Wolters Kluwer , 2021 , Chapter 4 , 44-67
56 SPECIALITY CHEMICALS MAGAZINE ESTABLISHED 1981