SURFACTANTS
Our testing concluded that the traditional sparge test results aligned closely with the results observed dispensing solutions via a foamer pack and foamer mesh cleaning spray pack. They also confirmed that foam generation and decay dynamics from foam-boosting delivery systems remain highly dependent on surfactant type, concentration and pH.
Results & formulations
Anionic SLES and amphoteric CAPB showed the highest foam volumes and stability, especially in neutral and mildly alkaline conditions. The nonionic lauramine oxide and anionic sodium cocosulfate produced rich initial foam but suffered rapid foam collapse in alkaline systems when used as the sole surfactant. This effect was predicated by the sparge test and visible in the foamer pack results, highlighting the need to considered surfactant selection based on formula requirements and usage conditions.
Based on these results two optimised formulations were created to illustrate how surfactant chemistry can be blended to create performance foam products( Figure 3):
• Spray power foam kitchen degreaser, which uses a blend of high-foaming anionic surfactants with foam boosters designed for alkaline pH. Breaks down baked-on kitchen residues, maximising persistent coverage and minimising scrubbing, thereby preserving functional coatings on cookware.
• Gentle glycolic foam cleanser, which employs amphoteric and nonionic surfactants balanced for mildness, pH 3.5-5, delivering creamy, stable foam ideal for sensitive skin while maintaining effective cleansing
These formulations, validated by lab testing on foamer and sparge platforms, underscore the strategic selection of surfactant systems for optimal foam quality across cleaning and care applications.
Surfactants’ skin compatibility varies widely, and the drive toward milder, less irritating products has reshaped industry formulation strategies. Nonionics are often the mildest choice for skin, but careful formulation and synergistic blending with higher-foaming surfactants may be necessary in applications where a high-volume flash foam is required. Amphoterics like CAPB are proven to work synergistically with anionics, reducing irritation and sustaining or boosting foam. An anionic / amphoteric blend can be up to 60 % milder than pure anionics.
The future
Foam engineering continues to evolve and, in the future, will include systems that can reduce water usage and the chemical burden of cleaning processes. Well-designed foam products, built on scientific understanding of surfactant chemistry and delivery mechanisms, offer compelling benefits for cleaning, sustainability, and user experience, making them central to the next generation of chemical industry solutions. A future emphasis on environmental impact will see the evolution and blending of surfactants to make ever milder but effective products. ●
References: 1: P. C. Griffiths, I. A. Fallis, T. Tatchell, L. Bushby & A. Beeby, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 2008, 144( 1 – 2), 13 – 23. ISSN: 0001-8686. 2: How Do Foam Pumps Work: The Ultimate Guide to It. 3: Autocar Professional Bureau, 2018, 21( 4). 4: R. Bois, E. Hecke, I. Pezron & A. Nesterenko, J. Surfactants Deterg., 2009, 23. DOI: 10.1002 / jsde. 12376.
Ella Ceraulo
INNOVATION SCIENTIST
CORNELIUS
J j
Elc @ cornelius. co. uk www. cornelius. co. uk
NOV / DEC 2025 SPECCHEMONLINE. COM
33