SPARK March, 2014 | Page 8

Earthquakes What is an earthquake? Our Earth is actually made up of huge pieces of flat rock called tectonic plates. These are always moving very, very slowly and where these rocks meet is called a ‘fault’. These plates can rub and grind together and when they do, the movement forces waves of energy to ripple up to the Earth’s surface – the tremors and shakes caused by this are what cause earthquakes. You can see an animation of an earthquake here. Volcanoes You can also find out all of the basics of earthquake science with this downloadable booklet! Learn more about earthquakes USGS Earthquakes Science Kids Discovery Kids Weather WizKids Earthquake App! Kids Geo Quakefeed Earthquake Map iPad, iPhone – FREE One Geology What is a volcano? Inside the Earth’s core there is a redhot liquid rock, called magma. As the Earth’s tectonic plates shift around and are pushed apart, sometimes this creates openings in the Earth’s crust allowing this liquid, molten rock to escape up to the surface, forming volcanoes. The magma rises to the surface of the Earth, causing bubbles of gas to appear within it. This gas can cause pressure to build up and eventually explode, bursting the magma out of the earth. When this magma reaches the Earth’s surface it is called Lava. Watch a great video all about volcanoes here. Learn more about volcanoes Woodlands Junior Natural History Museum Kids Geo Weather Wiz Kids Science Kids One Geology Volcano App! Volcanoes – Volcano Map, Alerts, Info and News Iphone, iPad - FREE 8 | SPARK 9 | SPARK