Spark [Kathleen_N._Daly]_Norse_Mythology_A_to_Z,_3rd_Edi | Page 55

40   glasir Scholars tend to disagree on which is more likely the correct version of Gladsheim. G lasir   (G laser )  A grove of trees with red-gold leaves that stood in front of Valhalla, Odin’s hall. While Glasir is mentioned in the P oetic E dda , in Helgakvida Hjorvardssonar (The Lay of Helgi the Son of Hjorvarth), that poem does not explain its meaning. In his work S kaldskaparmal , Snorri Sturluson instructs skalds to use the phrase “the needles of Gladsir” as a poetic substitute, or kenning, for gold. According to him, Glasir was the fairest forest in existence and the tree with the red-gold leaves was the best among trees. G leipner   The magical rope, as smooth as a silken ribbon, made by the dwarfs to bind Fenrir, the great wolf. According to Snorri Sturluson in G ylfagin - ning , the dwarfs made Gleipnir from the noise of a cat’s footfall, a woman’s beard, the roots of a moun- tain, the sinews of a bear, the breath of a fish, and a bird’s spit. Though these items add up to nothing, for none of these things exist, with their magic the dwarfs made the rope strong enough to hold the mighty wolf, son of Loki. Gleipner was the third and final fetter the gods used to try to bind the wolf, which they knew would finally help to destroy them. The first and second chains were Laeding and Dromi, respectively, but Fenrir easily broke those. So the gods resorted to magic, the only force strong enough to hold the wolf. Once Fenrir was ensnared in Gleipner, the gods fastened the silken strand to a chain called Gelgja, which they then fastened to the rock Gjoll (1). There Fenrir remained until freed at the time of Ragnarok, the final battle between the gods and giants. (See also Tyr.) G len   The obscure husband of Sol, a servant to the Sun and daughter of Mundilfari. Glen is men- tioned only in Snorri Sturluson’s G ylfaginning . According to some scholars and a careful reading of Gylfaginning, the marriage of Sol to Glen may have been the act that angered the gods and caused them to send Sol up to the heavens, where she drove the horses that pulled the chariot of the Sun. G litnir   (Glittering, Shining)  In Asgard, the hall of Forseti, about whom little is known. The hall had pillars of gold and a roof of silver. According to G rimnismal , a poem in the P oetic E dda , and Snorri Sturluson in G ylfaginning , Forseti sat in judgment in his hall, settling the disputes of all who came to Glitner. G na   One of the minor goddesses of the Aesir, according to 13th-century writer Snorri Sturlu- son. Gna ran errands for the goddess Frigg, Odin’s wife. When she needed to deliver a message in a hurry, Gna rode her horse, Hofvarpnir (Hoof- Thrasher), through the air. Her Old Norse name came to refer to very high things or something that soars high. G nipahellir   (G nipa ;   Cliff Cave)  The cave that stands at the entrance to Hel (2), the land of the dead. Garm, the fierce hound that guarded the gates to Hel lived in Gnipahellir. The cave is featured in a refrain in the V oluspa , a part of the P oetic E dda . goat   A mammal related to the sheep family. In Norse mythology the god Thor had a cart drawn by two billy goats, Tanngniost and Tanngrisnir. These goats could be killed and eaten and then revived again the next day. G oths   A Germanic tribe that in the third and fifth centuries invaded and settled in parts of the Roman Empire. In the story “Geirrod and Agnar” (see under Geirrod [2]), H rauding was king of the Goths. His son Geirrod succeeded him. G otland   An island in the Baltic Sea, part of Sweden and southeast of that nation’s coast. Many archaeological finds that are important to the study of Norse mythology are located on this large island. Most prominent are the rock carvings, runestones, that appear to portray scenes from Norse myths. They are similar to the rock carvings found through- out much of Scandinavia and in Great Britain and the Faroe Islands. In some rocks on Gotland, the background was carved away, leaving the images raised above the sur- face. Archaeologists believe the images were carved in the sixth century a.d. and were originally painted. One famous raised picture stone from Alskog Tjang- vide shows what appears to be Sleipnir, Odin’s eight-legged horse. The carving has been dated to the eighth century a.d.