Chapter 5, “Asymmetric threats to peace operations,” in the report “Progress
on UN peacekeeping reform: HIPPO and beyond,” by Jaïr van der Lijn, et al,
published by Netherlands Institute of International Relations (“Clingendael”),
October 2017.
“Improving Security of United Nations Peacekeepers: We need to change the
way we are doing business,” by Lieutenant General (Retired) Carlos Alberto dos
Santos Cruz, et al, published by the United Nations, 19 December 2017.
“Report of the High-Level Independent Panel on United Nations Peace
Operations” (“HIPPO Report”), published by the United Nations, 17 June 2015.
“The Future of United Nations Peace Operations: Implementation of the
Recommendations of the High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations,”
Report of the Secretary-General, published by the United Nations, 2 September
2015.
B. Keys to Reducing Violence through Peacekeeping Missions
(Lesson #2647)
Observations:
Comprehensive quantitative research shows four factors as being most contributory to the
reduction of violence through peacekeeping missions. Many of these factors align with
earlier subjective analysis of peacekeeping operations in Africa.
Discussion:
A lesson report posted to SOLLIMS in February 2016 – based on various sources and
developed through subjective analysis – cited the following factors as keys to success for
peacekeeping operations in Africa:
1) An effective political strategy and peace process is a prerequisite.
2) Strategic coordination with actors working in the same environment is crucial.
3) Good relations with the host nation government must be maintained over
mission duration.
4) “Ends” and “means” must be in synch – no shortfalls in “means” (especially
transportation, medical, engineering, intelligence, communications, logistics).
5) Robust operations are imperative – achieved via doctrine, training, force
posture, and ROE.
6) Contingents must have keen situational awareness of threats/spoilers.
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