SMA News Digest (Summer 2014): V54, I2 | Page 33

CHOOSING WISELY CANADA 6 things general surgeons and patients should question By the Canadian Association on General Surgeons * 1 Don’t perform axillary lymph node dissection for clinical stages I and II breast cancer with clinically negative lymph nodes without attempting sentinel node biopsy. Sentinel node biopsy is proven effective at staging the axilla for positive lymph nodes and is proven to have fewer short and long term side effects, and in particular is associated with a markedly lower risk of lymphedema (permanent arm swelling). When the sentinel lymph node(s) are negative for cancer, no axillary dissection should be performed. When one or two sentinel nodes are involved with cancer that is not extensive in the node, the patient received breast conserving surgery and is planning to receive whole breast radiation and stage appropriate systemic therapy, axillary node dissection should not be performed. 2 Avoid the routine use of “whole-body” diagnostic computed tomography (CT) scanning in patients with minor or single system trauma. Aggressive use of “whole-body” CT scanning improves early diagnosis of injury and may even postively impact survival in polytrauma patients. However, the significance of radiation exposure with these studies must be considered, especially in patients with low energy mechanisms of injury and absent physical examination findings consistent with major trauma. 3 Avoid colorectal cancer screening tests on asymptomatic patients with a life expectancy of less than 10 years and no family or personal history of colorectal neoplasia. Screening for colorectal cancer has been shown to reduce the mortality associated with this