SKILL 30-40 STRUCTURE skills 30-40 | Page 6

SKILL 34 USE HAVE AND HAD CORRECTLY The present perfect (have + past participle) refers to the period of time from the past until the present. The past perfect (had + participle) refers to a period of time that started in the past and ended in the past, before something else happened in the past. USING (HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE) OR (HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE) TENSE FORM Present perfect Have + past participle Past perfect Had + past participle MEANING USE Past up to now Not with a past tense Not with a present tense Before past up to past Examples: They have enjoyed visiting the new mall. (PRESENT PERFECT) He had enjoyed visiting the mall until someone stole his wallet. (PAST PERFECT)