Warning signs for heart disease
AGE
The risk for heart disease increases with age. For men the risk rises after age 45, and for women, it increases after menopause, or around age 55. Aging naturally leads to changes in the heart and blood vessels that increase the likelihood of developing cardiovascular problems, says the National Institute on Aging.
SEX
Initially men are at a higher risk of developing heart disease. However, over time a woman’ s risk after menopause tends to equal that of a man’ s. As estrogen levels decline after menopause, fat can build up in the arteries, causing them to narrow, says the British Heart Foundation. After menopause, body weight may increase, which also is a risk factor for heart disease.
SMOKING
Smoking tobacco can damage blood vessels and reduce oxygen in the blood. Smoking also increases the risk of blood clots. Johns Hopkins Medicine says cigarette smokers are two to four times more likely to get heart disease than nonsmokers.
RACE
UChicago Medicine says Black and Hispanic people have an elevated risk of dying from heart disease compared to white individuals.
FAMILY HISTORY
Those with a close relative who developed heart disease at an early age may be at elevated risk
DENTAL HEALTH
Poor dental health can allow bacteria to enter the bloodstream, which can potentially lead to inflammation that affects heart health.
CHOLESTEROL
High levels of low-density lipoprotein, known as“ bad” cholesterol, contribute to the buildup of plaque in the arteries. This can narrow arteries and restrict blood flow.
HYPERTENSION
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, forces the heart to work harder and can stiffen the arteries. This can damage blood vessels over time. Medications and additional lifestyle changes can help seniors combat hypertension.
SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE
A lack of physical activity is a risk factor for obesity, high blood pressure and high cholesterol, each of which increases a person’ s chances of being diagnosed with heart disease.
20 SENIOR RESOURCE GUIDE 2025