Selected Bibliography Architecture - Form Space and Order | Page 143

VE RTICAL LINEAR ELEMENT S

Piazza del Campo, Siena, Italy
Vertical linear elements can terminate an axis, mark the center of an
urban space, or provide a focus for an urban space along its edge.

Shokin-Tei Pavilion, Katsura Imperial Villa, Kyoto,
Japan, 17th century.
In the example above, the tokobashira, often a tree trunk in
natural form, is a symbolic element that marks one edge of
the tokonoma in a Japanese tearoom.

Piazza of St. Peter, Rome, 1655–67, Giovanni Bernini
128 / A R C H I TE C TU R E : F O R M , S PA C E , & O R D E R