Selected Bibliography Architectural Graphics | Page 150

SHADE & SHADOWS . . ·.• .... . . .. ~ - . .. >... ..· . . '-~ "Shade and shadows" refers to the technique of determining areas in shade and casting shadows on surfaces by means of projection drawing. The depiction of light, shade, and shadow can model the surfaces of a design, describe the disposition of its masses. and articulate the depth and character of its details. • The light source for architectural shade and shadows is assumed to be the sun. The sun is so large and distant a source that its light rays areconsidered to be parallel. • The sun angle is the direction of the sun's rays, measured in terms of either bearing or azimuth and altitude. • Bearing is a horizontal angular direction expressed in degrees east or west of astandard north or south direction. • Azimuth is ahorizontal angular distance, measured clockwise, of a bearing from due north. • Altitude is the angular elevation of the sun above the horizon. Shade refersto the relatively dark area on those parts of a solid that are tangent to or turned away from a theoretical light source. • Shadows are t he relatively dark figures cast upon a surface by an opaque body or part of a body intercepting the rays from a theoretical light source. • A shade line or casting edge separates an illuminated surface from one in shade. • A shadow line is the shadow cast by a shade line on areceiving surface. • A shadow planeis a plane of light rays that passes through adjacent points of a straight line. • Every part of an object in light must cast a shadow. The corollary t o this is that any point that is not in light cannot cast a shadow because light does not strike it. • A shadow is visibleonly when t here is an illuminated surface to receive the shadow. Ashadow can never be cast on a surface in shade, nor can it exist within another shadow. Digital Shade and Shadows Modeling software typically includes the ability to specify the location and orientation of the light source and to cast shade and shadows automatically. 14 4 /ARCHITECTURAL GRAPH ICS