in sunscreen formulations that are thought to have a detrimental impact on coral health . When corals absorb these chemicals , they can have a similar reaction to a coral bleaching response . The presence of these chemicals in seawater is also thought to increase the likelihood of coral infections and death .
Existing studies have primarily focused upon the impacts to tropical coral reefs ; so how important is it for us to consider our sunscreen use in cooler waters ? Well for those of exploring less tropical regions , the use of sunscreen is still important . Long days at sea can still cause sunburn , even on cloudy days . While the impacts of such chemicals on cold-water corals and other marine habitats have not yet been studied , we should treat our local environments with the same caution as we would when diving a tropical reef . Ultimately , avoiding the use of such chemicals will reduce the amount introduced to waterways and the ocean .
Nano is a no-no
So where does leave us in making the safest choice for ourselves and the environment ? Generally , sunscreen formulas are either mineral or chemical . Mineral sunscreens , like those containing zinc oxide , create a physical shield-like layer on top of the skin , which deflects harmful UV rays . Chemical sunscreens such as those containing oxybenzone and octinoxate , absorb harmful UV rays . The size of the minerals can also have an impact on corals . It is therefore best to choose ‘ non-nano ’ sunscreen formulas that do not contain micro-sized minerals or nanoparticles ( less than 100 nanometres in size ), as these smaller particles can be toxic in high concentrations .
Despite a call for further studies , some countries have taken measures to ban the use of sunscreens containing chemicals such as oxybenzone and octinoxate . This increased awareness about the potential impacts of such chemicals on coral health has led many companies to label products as ‘ reef-safe ’. Typically , the term ‘ reef-safe ’ means that the sunscreen contains only mineral UV-blocking ingredients such as zinc oxide and titanium dioxide ( those in ‘ non-nano ’ form ).
However , the term lacks a formal definition and regulation , leading to concerns over the wrongful application and misuse of the label . It is therefore important to check the ingredients list of your chosen sunscreen product to ensure that potential reef-harming chemicals are not included :
■ Look for the absence of oxybenzone and octinoxate in listed ingredients
■ Choose mineral based sunscreen with the ingredients zinc oxide and titanium dioxide , and
■ Indication of ‘ non-nano ’ ingredients .
It ’ s always better to be protected , and while sunscreen plays an important role in a safe sun regime , it often washes off while scuba diving and snorkelling . It is therefore important to consider applying your sunscreen in good time before getting in the water . Even water-resistant sunscreen can still wash off , so again it is a good idea to apply your sunscreen well in advance – or at least washing your face with fresh water before donning a mask to avoid any tears during your dive ! To safely enjoy diving on a sunny Bank Holiday weekend while being mindful of the ocean , consider other additional options of sun protection , particularly while snorkelling or during a surface interval , including :
■ Wearing a hat , rash vest or another form of protective clothing
■ Staying hydrated
■ Limiting direct sun exposure altogether
Reef-friendly sun screens
All of these options cause minimal impact to the environment and will allow you to safely enjoy a glorious day of scuba diving and snorkelling .
Stream2Sea
Stream2Sea offer an oxybenzone and octinoxate free SPF30 sunscreen . It is water resistant made from a non-Nano titanium dioxide-based formula . The packaging is also made from biodegradable sugar cane resin .
seaandstream . co . uk
Shade
Shade is an oxybenzone free SPF25 sunscreen with a non-Nano zinc oxide-based formula . It is made with just four natural ingredients , so it is gentle on your skin , eyes , and on the environment . The packaging is also plastic free
! https :// shadecream . com /
Ren Skincare
Alba Botanica
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