Science Matters 2017 Issue 3 Science Matters 2017 Issue 3 September | страница 4

Science Teachers’ Assocation of NSW inc 2017 Calendar MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY 1898, Ernest Rutherford coined the terms alpha and beta “for two distinct types of radiation: one that is readily absorbed, which will be termed α radiation, and the other of a more penetrative character, which will be termed the β radiation.” 1 1917; death of Irving W Colburn, US inventor and manufacturer whose process for fabricating continuous sheets of flat glass made the mass production of glass for windows possible. 4 11 1948; death of Richard C Tolman, an American physicist and chemist who demonstrated that electrons are the charge-carrying entities in the flow of electricity, and also made a measurement of their mass. 5 12 1936; the last known Tasmanian Tiger (Thylacine) died at the Hobart Zoo. This dog-like marsupial, named from its striped hind-quarters, had been systematically exterminated by European settlers. 6 1922; the world’s highest shade temperature of 58°C was recorded at the African village of Al Aziziyah in Libya. Later the reading was declared invalid. The accepted record is now 56.7ºC on 10 July 1913 in Death Valley, California. 13 1761; death of Pieter van Musschenbroek, Dutch inventor of the Leyden jar, the first effective device for storing static electricity and named for University of Leiden. 18 25 19 26 20 14 1907; birth of Edward Bullard, English marine geophysicist noted for work in geomagnetism and measurements of geothermal heat-flow through the oceanic crust. He helped to develop the theory of continental drift. 21 1925; birth of Robert G. Edwards, British medical researcher. With Patrick Steptoe he perfected in-vitro fertilization (IVF) of the human egg and made possible the birth of Louise Brown, the world’s first “test-tube baby,” on 25 July 1978. 15 22 28 29 2 3 4 5 1896; birth of Lester H Germer, US physicist. In 1927 he and his colleague, Clinton J Davisson, conducted an experiment that first demonstrated the wave properties of the electron. 10 6 1985; at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Illinois, the first observation was made of proton- antiproton collisions. 23 collisions were detected in Oct 1985. 11 12 — 4 — 13 3 1985; death of Paul J. Flory, US physical chemist, recipient of a Nobel Prize for his investigations of synthetic and natural macromolecules, including many commercially successful polymers. 1956; death of Benjamin M Duggar, American botanist who discovered the antibiotic Aureomycin. 1804; birth of Squire Whipple, U.S. engineer who provided the first scientifically based rules for bridge construction, was considered one of the top engineers of the 19th Century, and was known as the “father of iron bridges.” 1683, the Dutch scientist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek wrote to the Royal Society reporting his discovery of microscopic living animalcules (live bacteria) from the plaque between his own teeth. 16 17 1863; birth of Alexandre Yersin, Swiss-French bacteriologist who co-discovered the plague bacillus, Pasteurella pestis. 1541; death of Paracelsus, German-Swiss physician and alchemist who condemned medical teaching that was not based on observation and experience. He established the use of chemistry in medicine. 23 24 9 10 1891; birth of Otto Yulyevich Shmidt, Soviet scientist responsible for the Soviet program of exploration and exploitation of Arctic resources. 30 1911; birth of Pierre Dansereau, French- Canadian plant ecologist, a pioneer in the study of the dynamics of forests and who attempted to extend ecological concepts to the modern human environment. 2 9 8 1913; death of Rudolf Diesel, German engineer who invented the internal-combustion engine that bears his name. 27 1836, Charles Darwin returned to England from his voyage on the HMS Beagle in the Pacific. It would be 23 years before he published Origin of Species. 1879; birth of Max von Laue, German physicist who received a Nobel Prize for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays in crystals enabling scientists to study the structure of crystals and starting solid-state physics, important for modern electronics. 7 SUNDAY 1767; birth of John Macarthur, Aust. agriculturist who helped found the wool industry, one of the first to obtain Spanish Merino sheep from the Cape of Good Hope (1797). He spent years back in England, leaving his wife, Elizabeth, to run the farm. 7 1 1940; death of Robert Emden, Swiss astrophysicist and mathematician who developed a mathematical model of stellar structure as expansion and compression of gas spheres, wherein the forces of gravity and gas pressure are in equilibrium. 8 1940; death of Heinrich Kayser, German physicist who discovered the presence of helium in the Earth’s atmosphere. 14 15