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ports Science is a broad field of study that includes training modalities for improved performance; development of methods that allow athletes to train at higher intensities, more efficiently, and without injury; and the development of equipment or gear that improves performance
There are three important parts in sports that science is involved in: athlete health and wellbeing, training and performance, and sports nutrition. By applying these three aspects correctly, anyone would be able to improve in any game.
Strength and conditioning has become a nearly universal part of sports training. Strength coaches are employed by all variety of universities and colleges, professional sports teams, and even in larger high schools. Different sports have different requirements in terms of body composition. In some contact sports such as American football or rugby, a higher body weight is generally seen as an advantage. In sports such as gymnastics, marathon running, and other weight-bearing activities, a lower body weight and high power-to-weight ratio are extremely important. Therefore, in these sports both low body fat and low body weight are necessary. In sports such as body¬building, increasing lean-body mass and increasing body weight without increasing body fat are desir¬able. No accepted percentage body fat standards exist for athletes. The ideal body composition is highly dependent on the particular sport or discipline and should be discussed on an individual basis with the coach, physiologist, and nutritionist or dietician. Body weight and body composition should be dis-cussed in relation to functional capacity and exercise performance.
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iffering conditions and objectives suggest the need for athletes to ensure that their sports nutritional approach is appropriate for their situation. Factors that may affect an athlete's nutritional needs include type of activity (aerobic vs. anaerobic), gender, weight, height, body mass index, workout or activity stage (pre-workout, intra-workout, recovery), and time of day (e.g. some nutrients are utilized by the body more effectively during sleep than while awake). Most culprits that get in the way of performance are fatigue, injury and soreness. A proper diet will reduce these disturbances in performance. The key is to get a variety of food, to get all the macronutrients, vitamins, and minerals. According to Eblere's article (2008), it is optimal to choose raw, unprocessed foods such as oranges instead of orange juice. Eating foods that are natural means the athlete is getting the most nutritional value out of the food. When foods are processed it normally means that nutritional value is reduced