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AmhoV. AmMm`© åhUOo àË`oH$ emómVrb VÁk, H$moUË`mhr emIoMm à_wI Ago åhQ>bo OmVo. Aem
{d{dY emómVrb VÁk AmMm`mªMr AmoiI `m gXamVyZ AmnU H$ê$Z KoUma AmhmoV.
"gwlwV' Am`wd}XmMm`© hmoVo. {edm`
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YÝd§VarMm AdVma åhUyZ AmoiIbo
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hm
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emarañWmZ, {M{H$ËgmñWmZ Am{U
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d¡Ú{ejm,
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nÏ`mnÏ`{dMma `mda {ddoMZ Amho.
eómonMma Am{U d«UmonMma hm d¡ÚH$mVrb
AË`§V _hÎdmMm ^mJ Amho, Ago
gwlwVm§Zr åhQ>bo Amho.
gwlwVm§Zr e§^amhÿZ A{YH$ nmobmXmÀ`m
eë`eóm§Mr _m{hVr {Xbr Amho. Ë`mV Vo
åhUVmV, eóm§À`m _wR>r d OmoS> _O~yV
Agmdo. Vr A{VVrúU Am{U MH$MH$sV
Agmdr, Vr A{VñdÀN> AgyZ _D$
H$mnS>mV Jw§S>miyZ noQ>rV R>odmdrV. `m
Nw>[aH$m, gwè`m, MmHy$, CËnmQ>H$,
ApñWN>oXH$, H$mÍ`m, gù`m, gw`m,
AmH$S>o, nme, CXIrjH$ Aer CnH$aUo
b{bVm ìhr. Omoer
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bmohMw§~H$mMm dmna H$amdm. gyOoda bon
Am{U nÏ` `m§Mm à`moJ H$amdm, nmoQ>rg
~m§Ymdo, eoH$ Úmdm, {eam§Mm doY H$amdm,
J«§Wr H$mnyZ H$mT>mì`m.
ËdMmamonU V§ÌmMohr gwlwV OmUH$ma
hmoVo. _moVrq~Xÿ H$mT>Ê`mMrhr H$bm
Ë`m§À`mOdi hmoVr. hmS> ~mhoa AmoT>Uo,
AmV AmoT>Uo, {\$adUo, ~mhoê$Z _m{be
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AgVmV. Ë`m§À`m CnMmanÕVrXoIrb
doJù`m AgVmV. `m~ÔbMr gd© _m{hVr
gwlwVg§{hVoV gm§{JVbr Amho.
`m g§{hVoV VrZ nmR> AgmdoV Ago
åhUVmV, gwlwV hm g§{já nmR>, bKwgwlwV
hm A{Vg§{já Am{U d¥ÕgwlwV hm
dmT>dbobm nmR> Agmdm.
4Ï`m, 5ì`m XeH$mV ho eë`V§Ì
{H$Vr {dñV¥V Am{U {dH${gV hmoVo `mMm
A§XmO Amnë`mbm `oB©b. Ago ho gwlwV
Am`wd}XmMm`©, {dÛmZ, boIH$ hmoVo.
n. ny. dmgwXodmZ§X gañdVr Q>|~o ñdm_r _hmamO
lr joÌ Zagmo~mdmS>rg B.g. 1905
_Ü`oM EHo$ {Xder nmbIr Mmby AgVm
Jw§Sw> Im|~mao `mÀ`mH$Sy>Z CËgd_yVu Imbr
CVabr / nS>br. gd©OU Km~abo d
ñdm_tMm emoY KoV KoV Vo Zagr øm J«m_r
Ambo. ñdm_tMm _w¸$m_ `oWo hmoVm.
ñdm_tZm dmS>rÀ`m _§S>itZr gd© g{dñVa
gm§{JVbo. Voìhm ñdm_tZr XÎmà^ybm `m
KQ>ZoMo H$maU {dMmabo AgVm XÎmà^y
åhUmbo, "nwOmar bmoH$ Vy KmbyZ {Xboë`m
{Z`_mà_mUo dmJV ZmhrV. VwPr qZXm
H$aVmV, _mÂ`m nmXþH$m§da AewÕ nXmW©
KmbVmV. ZmH$mVrb KmU ~§X hmoV Zmhr.
åhUyZ _bm VoWo amhÊ`mMm H§$Q>mim `oVmo.'
ñdm_tZr nwOmè`m§Mr Mm§JbrM hOoar
KoVbr. lr XÎmà^y§À`m H«$moY {ZdmaUmW©
H$iH$irZo Zr AmV©-^mdmZo Ho$bobr àmW©Zm
åhUOoM H$éUm {ÌnXrMr VrZ nXo -
Ë`mVrb àË`oH$ eãX ñdm_tMm AmV© ^md
XmIdVmo / àJQ> H$aVmo. XodmMm amof Xÿa
Pmbm.
g§H$Q>J«ñV d {dH$b AdñWoV
_mZdmbm XrnñV§^mà_mUo _mJ©Xe©Z
H$aUmao, g§H$Q>mVyZ gmoS>dUmao \$º$
ghmM AmodtMo ñVmoÌ ñdm_tZr
XÎm^º$m§darb Anma àrVr_wio Ho$bo. ho
ñVmoÌ åhUOo ^º$m§Zm {Xbobr EH$
_hm¡fYrM Amho, EH$ {gÕ d hþH$_r
E¸$m Amho. lr g§H$ï>haU ñVmoÌ ñdm_r
B.g. 1912 _Ü`o MmVw_m©gmgmR>r lrjoÌ
Hw$adnya (Hw$éJwÈ>r) `oWo AgVmZm
AZwð>mZm_Ü`o A§V:àoaUoVyZ ñ\w$abobo ñVmoÌ
Amho.
gÜ`mÀ`m ì`ñV Zr YH$mYH$sÀ`m
OrdZmV ^m{dH$ ^º$m§Zm `m gwb^ Aem
^º$sMr à{MVr nXmonXr `oV AgVo `oV
Amho. gd© lrXÎm joÌmV (A_amR>r
joÌmVgwÕm) {ZË` Zo_mZo H$éUm-{ÌnXr,
{XJ§~am _hm_§ÌmMm On d lr g§H$ï>haU
ñVmoÌ åhQ>bo OmVo. ñdm_tMo Abm¡H$sH$Ëd
VgoM Amho. n. ny. AaqdX H$mH$m AmJmeo
åhUVmVM -
"{OV|{Ð`m§Mm AJ«Ur &
gXmaV na~«÷Ur
ñd`§XÎm {eamo_Ur &
Vmo hm `{Vloð> lrdmgwXod'
AmXrJwê$ / JwéXod XÎmmÌo` `m§Zr
H$br`wJmV lrnmX-lrd„^ d Z¥qgh
gañdVr ñdm_tÀ`m ê$nmV AdVma Ho$bm.
H$mbI§S> B.g. 1300 Vo B.g. 1378
Vo B.g. 1458 øm XmoÝhr XodVm§Mo {Z{üV
Ago OÝ_ñWmZ ^m{dH$m§Zm _mhrV ZìhVo.
ñdm_r B.g. 1908 gmbr lrjoÌ
_wŠË`mbm `oWrb MmVw_m©g g§ndyZ
amO_h|Ðr_mJ} lrjoÌ {nR>mnya `oWo Ambo d
bmoH$m§Zm lrnmX-lrd„^m§Mo {Z{üV Ago
OÝ_ñWmZ R>m_nUmZo gm§{JVbo. AmO Ë`m
ñWir _moR>§ Ag§ _§{Xa Pmbo. VgoM B.g.
gwYmH$a ^Jd§V Xoenm§S>o
13 / lr {gÕr{dZm`H$ gmogm`Q>r,
"H$ënÐþ_', VioJmd ñQ>oeZ
_mo~mBb : 9850039419
1905 `m dfu lrjoÌ Zagr `oWrb
MmVw_m©g g§në`mZ§Va dm{e__mJ} ^mÐnX
dÚ 7 bm ñdm_r lrjoÌ H$ma§Om `oWo
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ñdm_tZr {VVŠ`mM R>m_nUo d {Z{üVnUo
Z¥qgh gañdVr ñdm_tMo OÝ_ñWmZ
XmI{dbo. Ë`mM ñWmZmda n. ny. ~«÷Z§X
gañdVr ñdm_tZr M¡Ì d¡Ú {ÛVr`obm {MÌm
ZjÌmda Z¥qgh gañdVr ñdm_tÀ`m
_yVvMr à{Vð>mnZm Ho$br. B§J«Or VmarI
hmoVr 1 E{àb 1934 e{Zdma, AmO
14
~«÷M¡VÝ` lr Jm|XdcoH$a _hmamO
g{ƒXmZ§X na_mËå`mbm gJwUmÀ`m
AmYmamZoM nmhVm `oB©b
na_mË_m g{ƒXmZ§Xñdê$n Amho ho
Oar Iao, Var Vo ñdê$n gJwUmÀ`m
AmYmam{edm` Amnë`mbm nmhmVm `oUma
Zmhr. AmnU ^Jd§Vmbm gJwUmV nmhmdo
VoìhmM {d^yVrMo Amnë`mbm AmH$bZ
hmoB©b. åhUyZ g_WmªZr "{ZJw©U AmoiIyZ
gJwUmV amhmdo' Ago åhQ>bo Amho. gË` ho
em§V Am{U AmZ§X_` Agbo nm{hOo; hoM
^Jd§VmMo _yi ñdê$n Amho. hr gd© g¥ï>r
^Jd§VmZoM CËnÞ Ho$br AgyZ,
{VÀ`m_Ü`o Vmo ì`mnyZ am{hbm Amho;
AWm©V, gd© g¥ï>r AmZ§X_` AgyZhr Vr
Ver {XgV Zmhr; hm ^«_ Amho.
S>moù`mÀ`m AmV_Ü`o nmhÊ`mMr eº$s
Zgob Va ~mø S>moim AgyZhr {XgV
Zmhr; na§Vw AmV_Ü`o eº$s Agbr, Var
Vr Amho Ago ~mø S>moù`m§{edm` H$iV
Zmhr. Ë`mMà_mUo gJwU Am{U {ZJw©U
`m§Mm g§~§Y Amho. gË` ho AI§S> {Q>H$Umao
Amho åhUyZ Vo em§V Amho; Vo em§V Amho,
åhUyZ gZmVZ Amho; Vo em§V Am{U
gZmVZ Amho, åhUyZ Ë`mÀ`mM {R>H$mUr
g_mYmZ Amho; H$maU Aem§Vm_Ü`o AmZ§X
AgUo eŠ` Zmhr. åhUyZ gË` ho
na_mË_ñdê$n hmo`. na_mË_ê$nr gË` ho
ì`mdhm[aH$ ^mfoV gm§{JVbo nm{hOo. nU
ì`mdhm[aH$ gË` _mÌ {Zamio AgVo. hr
g¥ï>r ^Jd§VmZo {Z_m©U Ho$br Amho, åhUyZ
{VÀ`m_Ü`o gd© {R>H$mUr ^Jd§VmMo
ApñVËd Agbo nm{hOo. `mMm AW© Agm
H$s, àË`oH$m_Ü`o ^Jd§VmÀ`m ApñVËdmMr
OmUrd H$ê$Z XoUmam Agm EH$ JwU Amho.
hm JwU åhUOo OJÊ`mMr hm¡g hmo`.
gdmªZm em§Vr {_imdr hmM ^Jd§VmMm hoVy
Amho. hr em§Vr n[apñWVrda Adb§~yZ
VoWo ^ì` Ago _§{Xa C^o Amho.
ñdm_ter lr XÎmmÌo`à^y àË`j
~mobV AgV. ñdm_tMm àË`oH$ œmg hm
lrXÎmà^y§À`mM BÀN>oZo MmbV Ago BVHo$
Vo XÎmê$n Pmbo hmoVo. Ë`m§Zr Amnë`mH$S>o
Amboë`m àË`oH$mMr _ZH$m_Zm nyU© Ho$br,
H$m_ZrH$, AmV©, _w_wjw Aem AZoH${dY
^º$m§Zm Ë`m§Mo BpÀN>V XoD$Z V¥á Ho$bo.
OJV H$ë`mUmgmR>r AI§S> ^«_U hoM
Ë`m§Mo H$m`©, XohmMr VgoM àmUmMr ndm©
Ho$br Zmhr.
^rî_m§Zm BÀN>m_aUmMo daXmZ hmoVo.
ñdm_tZr Amnë`m gm_©Ï`mZo Amnbm _¥Ë`y
Amnë`m BÀN>oV R>odbm hmoVm. _mUJmd
gmoSy>Z B.g. 1891 _Ü`o ñdm_r nËZrgh
lr joÌ J§JmIoS> `oWo Amë`mda EH$
XmoKm§ZmnU KoD$Z OmÊ`m~m~V Ë`m§Zm Ñï>m§V
Pmbm hmoVm. Ë`m doir d Xþgè`m§Xm
nËZrÀ`m Aem¡MmV ghmdo {XdernU
Ë`m§Zm AgmM Ñï>m§V Pmbm hmoVm. XmoÝhr
Zmhr. em§Vr EH$nUmV Amho, Û¡VmV Zmhr.
EH$m_Ü`o Á`mMo _Z Jw§Vbo, Á`mZo Amnbo
_Z ^Jd§VmH$S>o R>odbo, Ë`mbmM em§VrMm
bm^ hmoVmo; _J Ë`mMr BVa n[apñWVr
H$erhr Agmo. àn§MmMm AZw^d H$ï>_`
Amho, nU ^Jd§VmMm AZw^d AmZ§X_`
Amho Img, Am{U Ë`mH$[aVm Ë`mÀ`m
Zm_mMo AZwg§YmZ ho EH$M gmYZ Amho.
^Jd§Vmbm nmhm`Mo Agob Va
Amnë`mbmhr Vgo ìhmdo bmJVo.
gÎdJwUmV ^Jd§V AgVmo; Voìhm AmnU
Ë`m _mJm©Zo Omdo. AmOmar _mUgmbm VrZ
Jmoï>r H$amì`m bmJVmV. Hw$nÏ` Q>miUo,
nÏ` gm§^miUo Am{U Am¡fY KoUo.
Ë`mMà_mUo ^damo½`mbmhr VrZ Jmoï>r
H$amì`m bmJVmV. _w»` Ü`o`
na_mË_àmár. Ë`mÀ`m AmS> Oo `oB©b Vo
Hw$nÏ` - Xþ:g§JVr, AZmMma, AY_m©MaU,
{_Ï`m ^mfU, Ûof, _Ëga dJ¡ao `mMm
Ë`mJ H$amdm; na_mË_àmárbm Oo
ghmæ`H$, nmofH$ gËg§JVr, gX²{dMma,
gX²J«§WdmMZ Am{U gXmMma - Vo nÏ`; Vo
gm§^mimdo, Am{U AI§S> Zm_ñ_aU H$aUo
hoM Am¡fYgodZ hmo`.
doim Ë`m§Zr _¥Ë`ybm gh_Vr {Xbr Zmhr.
em{bdmhZ eHo$ 1836 (B.g.
1914) Mm Á`oð> dÚ Aï>_r hm
ñdm_tMm {Zdm©UmMm {Xdg hmoVm, nU Ë`m
{Xder OmÊ`mMr ñdm_tMr BÀN>m ZìhVr.
Ë`m {Xder VrZ Vmg g_mYr bmdyZ ~gbo
d Vr doi Q>ibr, nU Z§Va AmfmT> ewÕ
à{VnXm, AmÐm ZjÌr, _§Jidmar amÌr
gw_mao AH$amÀ`m g_`r ñdm_r Amnë`m
~«÷VoOmV {dbrZ Pmbo. B§J«Or VmarI
hmoVr 23 OyZ 1914. Amnë`m
AmdS>Ë`m lrjoÌ JéS>oœar ñdm_tÀ`m
ê$nmV AdVabobo ho ~«÷VoO AdKo 60
df}M gJwUmdñWoV hmoVo.
^º$dËgb, ^º$m{^_mZr, AZmWm§Mm
ZmW, XrZm§Mm H¡$dmar, ñ_V¥©Jm_r _mD$br,
g§Ý`mgY_m©Mm AmXe© Aem ñdm_tÀ`m
brbm§Zm A§V Zmhr. AOyZhr Vo AmV©-
hmHo$bm YmdyZ `oVmV.