SABI Magazine 2019 October-November | Page 35

Environment License before you leap C learing of indigenous vegetation, or constructing close to a watercourse or wetland, are among the many activities that could land farm owners and agricultural developers in hot water – if they don’t have the required environmental authorisations. According to Karissa Nel, prin- cipal environmental scientist at SRK Consulting’s Port Elizabeth office, the company is often required to submit ‘Section 24G’ applications on behalf of clients who start work on a site before they have complied with the National Environmental Management Act (NEMA) or other environmental legislation. “Section 24G of NEMA provides for a formal application process to rectify activities that began without the required environ- mental authorisations or licenses,” said Nel. “However, before any authorisation decision is taken, the law allows that an adminis- trative fine of up to R5 million may be levied.” Agricultural activities and residential developments The activity could be any of the activities listed in the NEMA 2014 EIA Regulations (as amended in 2017) and ranges from residential developments to agricultural activities such as crop fields, piggeries, chicken batteries, abattoirs and commer- cial composting – including the associated infrastructure such as pipelines and roads. The ‘24G application’, as it is informally called, addresses the unlawful commencement or continua- tion of an activity for which an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) or a waste management license was required. “It does not matter if non- compliance occurred as a wilful unlawful act or whether a party was completely unaware of the requirements of the environmental legislation,” Nel said. Neither does the payment of the administrative fine guar- antee a successful outcome of the application. Long processes “Even before payment is made, the competent authority has the discretion to accept or refuse the section 24G application,” said Nel. “Only once the application is accepted – and a fine calculated and paid – will the competent authority process and consider the information submitted with the application.” The pain does not stop there. The S24G processes can take more than four times longer than a normal environmental assessment process done in good time. Also, interested and affected parties that give input during the public participation process are often not very forgiving, adding addi- tional complexity to the process. The authorities can also put a stop to all activities on site while they assess the environmental impacts and rehabilitate or remediate any environmental damage or pollu- tion that has taken place as a result of the activity. The message is clear, she said. The lawful and most efficient way to approach any new activity on your property is to determine the legal requirements upfront, before starting any work that may impact the environment. Cannabis How to transition cannabis from veg to flower with LEDs Y our cannabis crop is looking great as it completes the vegetative stage – uniform structure, robust size, pest and pathogen-free. Now it’s time to flower! Many growers run into issues when flipping their veg room to flower, says LED light specialist Lumigrow. Keep your crop healthy and avoid shock damage by gradually transitioning your plants from their vegetative to flowering lighting conditions. Do this by incrementally increasing light levels and limiting cultivation changes to as few variables as possible. STEP 3 Repeat Until Ideal Light Intensity Reached STEP 1 Adjust to New Photoperiod STEP 2 Begin to Increase Light Intensity For the first 1-2 days in flowering, just let your plants get used to the new 12-hour photope- riod. Leave light intensity the same as what they were exposed to in the vegetative stage. After the plants are acclimated to their new photoperiod, you can begin gradu- ally increasing light intensity by about 10% every 1-2 days. Once your light intensity has reached the level you want for flower and your plants are happy, let them do their thing! At this stage, you can adjust other environmental variables as needed. Keep in mind that any cultivation changes can impact plant perfor- mance as you transition your crop through its life stages. Try to minimize the number of changes you make at any one time to main- tain your crop’s health. To access the full article, visit www.lumigrow.com SABI | OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2019 33