RocketSTEM Issue #9 - October 2014 | Page 29

Rosetta is deciphering comet’s tale By Dr. Sten Odenwald Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (I’ll call it Comet 67P) has been minding its own business for billions of years as it quietly looped around the Sun every 6.5 years. Discovered in 1969 by astronomers Klim Ivanovych Churyumov and Svetlana Ivanovna Gerasimenko, it spins around on its own axis every 12 hours and is about 2 miles across. Even with a mass of 10 billion tons, it is still small compared with the giants of its class, like Hale-Bopp, at 40 miles across! So far, spacecraft have visited Halley’s, Tempel-1, Hartley-2, Wild-2 and Borrelly, so Comet 67P joins a very select group of “dirty icebergs” gliding through space in orbits favorable for human scrutiny. Despite their brilliance in the night sky, their hard nuclei are as dark as aspault, reflecting less than 5 percent of the sunlight that falls on their surfaces. Far from featureless ice balls, they show amazing surface detail that in most cases has been studied at high resolution. Take a look at this recent image of Comet 67P taken by the European Space Agency’s Rosetta spacecraft just last month. This beautiful view shows off a wide range of the comet’s features: from the jets emanating from the ‘neck’ region, to the steep cliffs towering over both smooth and grooved terrain,