RocketSTEM Issue #5 - January 2014 | Page 69

Comet ISON passed just 1.2 million kilometres from the Sun’s visible surface on Thanksgiving Day. A small chunk of ISON’s nucleus, along Images: ESA/SOHO with a lot of dust was seen after the comet’s encounter with the Sun, but within days had faded completely. reflect sunlight making it visible in telescopes. As the comet gets closer to the Sun more of it’s constituent parts heat up creating more ejaculate from the coma resulting in longer tails and also brighter surfaces. The theory was that as the comet approached the Sun it would brighten dramatically, making it so bright that it would be visible during daylight. ISON confounded the experts by remaining dimmer than anticipated and not becoming the ‘Comet of the Century’ as predicted. Then all of a sudden there was a dramatic brightening and it was speculated that ISON could live up to its name. The dramatic moments came on November 28th when the comet Comet ISON viewed from Earth as it streaked through space on Nov. 13, 2013. Photo: Peter Carson http://www.astromania.co.uk approached perihelion. Perihelion is when the comet slingshots around the sun and starts on its way back out again. As the comet approached the Sun some of the instruments observing it saw what looked like an explosion as ISON was diving towards the closest approach. This left experts thinking that the comet had broken up and vaporised as it was affected by the extreme heat of the approach. This seemed to be confirmed when the comet did not appear on the SDO instrument and even ESO scientists were confirming that ISON had gone. Shortly after the ESO announcement the comet remains could be seen on the LASCO C2 instrument looking comet shaped, but much fainter than expected. However at 12:30 UT on the 29th the LASCO C3 imagery is showing what looks like a comet, certainly more than debris heading on the expected trajectory of ISON. Whilst not as large or bright as originally expected it was quite faint compared to the comet preperihelion, but definitely there. This however faded to nothing a few days later, proving that comets are fickle, unpredictable celestial bodies. 67 www.RocketSTEM.org 67