RocketSTEM Issue #4 - November 2013 | Page 19

Curiosity NASA’s mega Mars rover Curiosity is celebrating 1 Year on the Red Planet since the dramatic, nail biting touchdown on Aug. 6, 2012 by reveling in a string of groundbreaking science discoveries demonstrating that Mars could once have supported past life - thereby accomplishing her primary science goal - and with a promise that the best is yet to come! “We now know Mars offered favorable conditions for microbial life billions of years ago,” said the mission’s project scientist, John Grotzinger of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, CA. “Curiosity has landed in an ancient river or lake bed on Mars,” Jim Green, Director of NASA’s Planetary Science Division, told RocketSTEM. As 2013 comes to a close, the six wheeled robot is now speeding onwards towards Mount Sharp, the huge 3.4 mile (5. 5 km) high mountain dominating the center of her Gale Crater landing site - and which is the primary destination of the mission. During Year 1, Curiosity has transmitted over 190 gigabits of data, captured more than 71,000 images, fired over 75,000 laser shots to investigate the composition of rocks and soil and drilled into two rocks for sample analysis by the pair of state-of-the-art miniaturized chemistry labs housed in her belly SAM and CheMin. “From the sophisticated instruments on Curiosity the data tells us that this region could have been habitable in Mars’ distant past,” Green told me. “This is a major step forward in understanding the history and evolution of Mars.”  Mount Sharp still lies roughly 4 miles (6 kilometers) distant – as the Martian crow flies - and the rover should arrive there sometime in the Spring of 2014 if all goes well. The lower reaches of Mount Sharp are comprised of exposed geological layers of sedimentary materials that formed eons ago when Mars was warmer and wetter, and much more hospitable to microscopic life. “We hope those enticing layers at Mount Sharp will preserve a broad diversity of other environmental conditions that could have affected habitability.” says Grotzinger. Read more about Curiosity’s adventures in the January 2013 and April 2013 issues of RocketSTEM, as well as in future issues. 17 www.RocketSTEM.org 17