RocketSTEM Issue #4 - November 2013 | Page 13

How long before we get there? Vocabulary • Apoapsis Delta V Burn: The rocket firing at the highest point of a Transfer Orbit. • Periapsis Delta V Burn: The rocket firing at the lowest point of a Transfer Orbit. • Transfer Time: The time between apoapsis and periapsis Delta V rocket firings. Narrative Getting from one orbital altitude to another not only takes delta v, it also takes time. It isn’t as simple as aiming yourself and firing your rocket. Orbital mechanics is a ballet in space, where the lower your orbit the faster you go, and vise versa. Any change in orbital velocity and you wind up in an elliptically-shaped orbit, instead of the fairly stable circular orbit. Photo: Gravity, Warner Bros./Esperanto Filmoj/Heyday Films Analysis The equation to calculate the transfer time from one orbital altitude to another is given by one of the Hohmann Transfer Orbit Equations: where • Ts is Transfer Time in seconds • r1 is the smaller orbital radius • r2 is the larger orbital radius • μ (mu) is Earth Standard Gravity = 9.80665 m/s^2 • π (pi) is the constant 3.141592653589793238462643 383279502884197169399... The number π (pi) is involved in the equation because we are actua H