RocketSTEM Issue #3 - October 2013 | Page 35

The Cygnus cargo spacecraft is just a few feet away from the International Space Station’s Canadarm2. Bolden in a statement. “Orbital’s extraordinary efforts are helping us fulfill the promise of American innovation to maintain our nation’s leadership in space.” The Cygnus spacecraft is healthy and successfully unfurled its life giving solar panels starting 1.5 minutes after separation from the second stage that took place about 10 minutes after launch, said Culbertson. Antares placed Cygnus into its intended orbit of about 180 x 160 miles above the Earth, inclined at 51.6 degrees to the equator, Orbital said. Cygnus is traveling at 17,500 MPH and is on its way to rendezvous with the space station Sunday, Sept. 22. The cargo vessel will deliver about 1,300 pounds (589 kilograms) of cargo, including food, clothing, water, science experiments, spare parts and gear to the Expedition 37 crew. The flight, known as Orb-D1 is a demonstration mission to prove that Cygnus can conduct a complex series of maneuvers in space safely bringing it to the vicinity of the ISS. Mission controllers at Orbital guided Cygnus to the vicinity of the ISS on Sept. 22 during the initially planned docking attempt. But only after carrying out a series of 10 complicated maneuvering tests proving that the vehicle can safely and reliably approach the station up close would NASA and the ISS partners grant permission to dock. However as Cygnus was in the final stages of approach, a communications error forced an abort. NASA and Orbital then decided to delay the 2nd attempt about a week to Sept. 29 due to impending Sept. 25 Soyuz launch and docking with the next human crew of three US and Russian astronauts. Image: NASA At last the Cygnus spacecraft put on a spectacular space ballet - and was no worse for the wear spending an extra week in free space due to the easily fixed communications glitch. ISS astronauts Karen Nyberg (NASA) and Luca Parmitano (ESA) successfully grappled Cygnus with the station’s Canadian built robotic arm and berthed the capsule at an earth facing docking port on the Harmony module on Sunday, Sept 29. The pair were working at two robotics work stations from inside the Cupola and Destiny modules. They used the stations 57 foot long (19 m) Canadarm2 to snare Cygnus at a distance of about 30 feet (10 meters). They gradually motioned the arm closer and coupled Cygnus to the ISS. Hatches to Cygnus were opened the next day on Sept. 30 after completing leak checks. The Antares first stage is powered by dual liquid fueled AJ26 first stage rocket engines that generate a combined total thrust of some 750,000 lbs - originally built in the Soviet Union as NK-33 model engines for the Soviet era moon rocket. The upper stage features an ATK Castor 30 solid rocket motor with thrust vectoring. Antares can loft payloads weighing over 5000 kg to LEO. The 2nd stage will be upgraded starting with the 4th Antares flight. “Antares next flight is scheduled for December sometime between the 8th and 21st, said Frank Culbertson, former astronaut and now Orbital’s executive Vice President responsible for the Antares and Cygnus programs. Eight operational Cygnus flights to the ISS from NASA Wallops are planned through 2016. 33 www.RocketSTEM.org 33