RocketSTEM Issue #11 - April 2015 | Page 97

Abell 50.2218 The picture shows Abell 2218, a rich galaxy cluster composed of thousands of individual galaxies. It sits about 2.1 billion light-years from the Earth (redshift 0.17) in the northern constellation of Draco. When used by astronomers as a powerful gravitational lens to magnify distant galaxies, the cluster allows them to peer far into the Universe. However, it not only magnifies the images of hidden galaxies, but also distorts them into long, thin arcs. Several arcs in the image can be studied in detail thanks to Hubble’s sharp vision. Multiple distorted images of the same galaxies can be identified by comparing the shape of the galaxies and their colour. In addition to the giant arcs, many smaller arclets have been identified. Credit: NASA, ESA, and Johan Richard (Caltech, USA) “I’m a co-investigator on 3D-HST*, a spectroscopic Hubble Treasury Program, mapping the third dimension of distance for thousands of galaxies across 85% of cosmic time. Together with another large imaging Treasury Program, CANDELS, these projects serve as the premier extragalactic surveys in the sky. With thousands of orbits invested by the Hubble Space Telescope, as well as at other wavelengths across the electromagnetic spectrum, CANDELS and 3D-HST have revolutionized our understanding of galaxy formation. “I’ve also been involved with studying the strong gravitationally-lensed actively star-forming galaxy RCS0327. Gravitational lensing affords us the opportunity to see significantly more details than could ever be achieved for unlensed galaxies.  RCS0327 serves as a unique laboratory to study the physical properties of a galaxy existing at the peak of cosmic star formation, only a few billion years after the Big Bang.” — Dr. Katherine E. Whitaker NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland * http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2013/45/full/