RocketSTEM Issue #11 - April 2015 | Page 145

Hubble’s last look at 85. before perihelion ISON Here Hubble has taken its closest look at the innermost region of the ISON comet, where geysers of sublimating ice are fueling a spectacular tail. Made from observations on November 2, 2013, the round coma around ISON’s nucleus is blue and the tail has a redder hue. Ice and gas in the coma reflect blue light from the Sun, while dust grains in the tail reflect more red light than blue light. This is the most colour separation seen so far in ISON and the comet, nearer than ever to the Sun, is brighter and more structured than ever before. Comet ISON came closest to the Sun on November 28, a point in its orbit known as perihelion. Comet ISON was fairly quiet until November 1, when it experienced an outburst that doubled the amount of gas the comet emitted. After this image was taken, a second outburst shook the comet, increasing its activity by a factor of ten. Credit: NASA, ESA, and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA) Mysterious 86. old spiral This striking cosmic whirl is the centre of galaxy NGC 524, located in the constellation of Pisces, some 90 million light-years from Earth. NGC 524 is a lenticular galaxy. Lenticular galaxies are believed to be an intermediate state in galactic evolution — they are neither elliptical nor spiral. Spirals are middle-aged galaxies with vast, pinwheeling arms that contain millions of stars. Along with these stars are large clouds of gas and dust that, when dense enough, are the nurseries where new stars are born. When all the gas is either depleted or lost into space, the arms gradually fade away and the spiral shape begins to weaken. At the end of this process, what remains is a lenticular galaxy — a bright disc full of old, red stars surrounded by what little gas and dust the galaxy has managed to cling on to. This image shows the shape of NGC 524 in detail, formed by the remaining gas surrounding the galaxy’s central bulge. Observations of this galaxy have revealed that it maintains some spiral-like motion, explaining its intricate structure. Credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA