RocketSTEM Issue #10 - February 2015 | Page 12

reentry control system (RCS), which is normally only used when it’s time to reenter the Earth’s atmosphere, in a final attempt to stabilize their tumbling spacecraft. Their efforts were successful, and after 25 minutes of tumbling they were now stable in orbit. However due to them bringing up the RCS, they were now going to have to end their mission early per mission rules so the remaining maneuvers, EVA, and experiments would not be performed. However due to their quick thinking, extensive training, and skills as pilots, they saved what could have been a disaster. Armstrong flew one more mission for NASA which you may remember him for, that being Apollo 11, mankind’s first landing on the Moon. Armstrong will always be remembered as the first man to walk on the surface of the Moon. That however, would have not been possible had he not been the first man to land a spacecraft on the surface of the Moon. The landing turned out to be more of a challenge than anyone had anticipated. Neil and his Lunar Module Pilot, Buzz Aldrin, encountered problems with the computer during the powered descent, Program Alarms kept displaying that they were working through with Mission Control in Houston. The computer controlled the Lunar Module (LM) through much of the descent phase, so any abnormal alarms were disheartening to say the least. While all these alarms were popping up, Mission Control was trying to determine what they were, the crew was making sure their machine was still flying correctly, and the landing spot was getting closer and closer. On a lunar landing, the Astronauts can’t even see the surface until the LM pitches over. Since Neil and Buzz were still dealing with some program alarms when the vehicle pitched over, Neil didn’t get a good look at where the computer was targeting them to land until they were only about 2,000 ft. above the surface. That’s where they saw a very rocky area and Neil quickly decided to retarget the landing site, further down the flight path, or land long as it is known. Manually flying the LM, he pushed the vehicle as quickly across the surface as it would allow, slowing their descent and moving some 1,100 feet to the west before finally finding a suitable landing spot. There Neil dropped the LM down and set the vehicle down for the very first manned landing on the Moon. Their estimated burn time for the descent was 11 minutes and 58 seconds but they actually took 12 minutes and 34 seconds. They were definitely low on fuel, estimates indicate they had about 45 seconds of fuel left, which in reality would mean about 25 seconds as they needed 20 seconds of fuel to steady the spacecraft and abort the landing. Of course Neil would probably never have aborted; he’d have landed it anyway. Later that day, we all know that he and Buzz Aldrin spent about two and a half hours walking on the surface, collecting samples, setting up experiments, and cementing their place in history. After leaving NASA in 1971 Armstrong went on to teach Aerospace Engineering at Univ \