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Sigmund Freud: considered the father of psychoanalysis, forces the unconscious form behavior and human thought; Identifies 3 levels of consciousness.
- Conscious: Everything that we are aware of at any particular time
- Preconscious: Everything that we are able to remember “available memory”
- Unconscious: all those things that are not accessible to our consciousness, such as impulses or instincts
Erick Erickson: first to join the social and psychoanalogical aspects of the individual, his contributions propose social and psychoanalogical influence in the formation of personality.
Gordon Allport: Belived that every individual had a unique combination of personality traits. Grouped the traits in 3 main categories:
- Cardinal: the most deep and powerful
- Central: of a limited number
- Secondary: limited frequency and less important in understanding personality
Carl Rogers: centered around the I (ME), a flexible and changing perception of identity
Abraham Maslow: Created the hierarchy of needs and lead the humanistic psychology movement
Jean Piaget: renewed interest in cognition, the formation of concepts, and thoughts; intellect has throughout time, the maturation of superior processes, from infancy to adulthood
B.F. Skinner: System based on operant conditioning