Revista Oficial del XXX Concurso Centroamericano del Caballo Peruano 2015 | Page 22

and that are part of the anterior third.

6.- Here I should also mention, by virtue of being part of
the weakness, the weak pastern, the long and soft (that is flexed
beyond vertical towards the ground), those which flex more
easily than the medium length pasterns; the bad angles, which
indicate that the basis and structure of the horse are based on
ill-foundations, as if the columns of a building, they were wrongly aligned.

I could make a long list of defects but does not come
to the case. These which I have mentioned, are among the most
difficult to correct quickly through breedings, because when they
come from families that have them in their genetics for generations, are actually extremely complex to eliminate.

There are others defects, in contrast, which are easy to
correct. The more simple, as all the books of genetics is the stature, who is dominant to use players that have appeal, who come
from families with genetically this feature and they are overbearing to transmit it.

What is important for all the foregoing is that we should
not lose sight of the time, it is necessary to take quick actions and
harsh, if you want to get good results and move forward in the
genetic progress to build a good breeding program, where the
elements are always necessary to have a good average of animals,
with absence of significant defects, so that when you exhibit or
use whatever means you have involved in the breed, you know
with security that you will not be disappointed.

It is impossible to claim that all breedings will obtain as
a result a winner. The important thing is to make being there, in
the upper third of the competition, with animals without serious
defects, which are always present in the results, in the various categories of competitions; that the rider leaves the show ring proud,
mounted on horseback in a parade or trail ride, knowing that
your horse is not going to disappoint you or leave you stranded in
the journey, and one who will end comfortable and sound at the
end of the day. That is what is rewarding for the breeder.

Taking this basis, we tap the genetic improvement to
be achieved. How to make the crosses? Choose What stallions?
There are many breeders who like to use many different stallions,
other use a few, why?

choosing the appropriate stallions of good level, which is genetically tailored to the target , the right breeder, you will get the
expected results in the majority of the cases.

On that stallions choose, there is a vast variety. My father, who was a great geneticist in cattle and in the Peruvian Paso
Horse, always repeated “that had to be put to a mare that did not
have or was missing, without losing what she already had”, never
sacrificing virtues to correct defects or weaknesses. This was a
simple way and practice to say that one should as breeder, know
the prepotence of their mares, knowing that they are genetically
dominant and use the stallions that contribute to add what they
did not have and they were missing, step by step. This is how
you build a breeding of a few! By adding and removing; adding
and removing, just as the cooking and preparing a good plate of
food with different ingredients, to try to get a perfect result. It is
important to have different ingredients to work.

I must clarify that when you perform the crosses, there
is that search for correcting the most important thing, what more
highlight to the view, and not everything, because this is impossible; always using the stallion that transmitted in overpowering
the virtue that the mare needs, without adding defects, correcting
to the extent possible, the defect that shows. That is why I suggest
first improve the most important , which are the defects of function.
No one can say that this recipe is easy to achieve, but if one is
objective to analyze, has the coldness and seriousness that must
have all the good breeders, it is not so complicated. What if there
is to be, it is drastic to the moment of selecting, be hard when you
have to discard, not believing that what one sees in an objective
way is going to change, when it comes to defects that are notable to the view and that your correction is not possible with the
time. There are things that can vary if, you have to give it to the
animals of good lines, which have the good features, all the time
and opportunity, because many times are part of a stage or state
of growth they are experiencing , but defects of format, weakness,
lack of arrogance, of quality pisos, bad connections, lacking in
drive or force in the rear, lacking in temperament or inaccuracies, these, do not change with time; quite the contrary, they are
exacerbated and heighten.

In my opinion, to consolidate a breeding program is better to use few stallions, because the result will be more consistent
year to year, being much easier to work with genetically similar
animals, with shared characteristics between them, and where
you are generating a style of it s own that will be working over
time. If you use many stallions, the result is a variable of characteristics which ends up being little homogeneous, difficult to set
a style or type of its own in the identity of the upbringing that is
being developed and we are pursuing. I compared him to a market, where one finds a variety of scents, colors and flavors. This is
why I said at the beginning, it is important define in the style or
type to one that you particularly like in breeding, showing with
the facts and results to where you want to go, with clarity in the
action. This makes it much easier to work .

There are some factors that I would like to discuss with
regard to the crosses and I’m from the idea, as I said earlier,
that one must form a good basis of mares, of quality and with
remarkable absence of defects. The best way to achieve this goal is
to choose a few and indispensable individuals; belonging to good
families, to transmit quality animals of pisos, good conformation
and remarkable absence of defects. In doing so, when we began
the formation of a breeding program, choose them by type or
style you want to breed, do so year after year in order to consolidate, after four or five years of offspring produced , a group of
animals that have good blood lines and as I said, they are absent
the defects of complicated away through the crossings. With
these offspring you have achieved and well established, you can
already without place to doubts, players use to give the polished
to the genetic group of mares of quality, that will allow them to
carry out more risky breedings, because its genetic basis is largely
absent from defects and can afford.

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Having the basis of mares with strong genetics and

I once wrote in the magazine “Orgullo del Peru”, about

what i think needs to be done once in a while: “The Crossing
dared”. Is that one has the intuition that, by the blood line that
one crosses or due to the characteristics that one dares to interrelate, you can purchase a great result.

Here we enter the world of quality and uniqueness. It is
difficult to identify the synonym of quality in animals. If we are
going to the dictionary the word quality is defined as: “way of
being of a person or thing. Genius character, nature. Nobility of
lineage. Importance or severity of a thing.” There is no description for us what we want to interpret.

When aficionados see an animal that has a set of features that make it stand out from the rest, regardless of age, we
will give the label of: “What Quality!”, referring to a special set
of conditions which are collected in the horse, a way of being, a
different spirit. Their way of walking, to look, expression, attitude, arrogance and finesse, the forms and that the way leads to
himself, among others. These special attributes lead us to say, that
we are dealing with a quality individual. Many times they are not
the best show winners, nor are the most complete, strongest or
best conformed, but they make us stop in front of them an make
us look at them, that expression, which instantly those who are
connoisseurs express What a Quality Animal!

These comments appear when they are appreciated animals that come out of the good average that, as I said, you need
to get in abundance as they should be the basis of the breeding
program; but we must also, for the good of the breed, always look
for the exceptional, the ones outside of the norm. Here is, where
one can perform the “daring breedings”.

There are special mares, with outstanding features that
crossed with a stallion that is working to strengthen a virtue, can
be converted to this product in a great contribution to the breed
as a subject, as it has fixed the feature that we wanted to achieve.
There is a risk there is, but it is worth taking it if you want to
move to another level. This type of crossing can occur between
animals that provide different lines of blood with some outstanding characteristic in common wanting to consolidate it, or you
can also achieve this with the use of inbreeding.

CROSSINGS
F
%F
Father x Daughter
.25
25%
Mother x Son
.25
25%
Full Brothers .25
25%
Half brother x Half Sister
.125
12.5%
Father x Grandaughter
.125
12.5%
Son of a Father x Grandaughter of a Father .0625 6.25%
Grandson of a father x Grandaughter of a Father .0313 3.13%

In my particular experience , it is less risky if one comes
as a result to not exceed the 6.25 % of consanguinity when you
perform this type of crosses, knowing that the higher kinship
appear many times, problems of growth and fertility, of which
there is a need to be careful, having to be very discerning in the
selection of this type of individuals resulting. We must analyze
the offspring very well, noting the strength/weakness obtained
and selecting which are who will contribute to enter in the breeding program features that have been liked to set and get.

Having said that, we will have to be very careful in practicing it, with a great knowledge and experience of genetic work,
with the mares that one has and the players that you intend to use
to make these attempts.

After the foregoing, I would like to stress that, as stated
in the title of this article, the mares are the key to finally getting a
good breeding program; without them, it would be very difficult
to achieve the expected results. Already yourselves you will be
able to verify that those good and great mothers will be formed
the foundation, where will be born the branches that will in turn,
good maternal lines through the good male children, future stallions of the breed; of the daughters, sisters of the daughters and
so on. Drew the attention always saying that we have to be very
careful to divest or letting go, one of these great mothers, because
they are like the goose that lays the golden eggs and, in doing so,
they must be completely sure that they are duly replaced within
the breeding program through his progeny. If not, we commit a
serious mistake which we may later regret.
DECEMBER 2014

While I do not want to make this article too long and
technical, since it is not the purpose, I would like to give you
some simple guidelines to make graphs of what we are talking
about:

Concentration of bloodlines which you can practice
using inbreeding, which comes to be the crossing point between
animals that are more related to each other that the average of the
breed or population to which they belong. Also Linebreeding,
which is a form of inbreeding that refers to the mating of animals
related to a common ancestor in the paternal and maternal side,
in order to maintain or increase the characteristics of the same,
in their descendants. This last method allows you to use the concentration, but the related animals between if you do not need to
be so close, not to raise too much inbreeding, and with this, any
possible undesirable effect.

Examples of pairings and coefficient of consanguinity of
the product, expressed as coefficient of consanguinity (F: probability) and % of consanguinity.

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