Revista de Medicina Desportiva (English) November 2018 | Page 32

organized physical exercise and of the out-of-exercise activities were independently associated with lower all-cause mortality”. More, mortality was 20 to 30% lower for both sexes on those that referred 1-2 h/day of physical exercise, while for other physical activities there was 30% reduction of mortality for men and 50-60% reduction for women. Authors made an estimate of the benefits regarding mortality associated to the replacement of sitting time for an equal period of physical activity / exercise. “For the less active (< 2 h/day), to replace one hour of sitting time for one hour of activity was associated to the decrease of mortality, even for domestic activities, like gardening or simply to walk, at low or moder- ate intensity. This association was stronger when the physical activi- ties were of high intensity. Now for the less active participants, the replacement of the sitting time for intentional, programmed exercise was also associated to a lower mor- tality, while that didn’t happen for domestic activities, what means that on this less active group it is neces- sary to practice intentional physical exercise. Discussion The authors refer that “in this prospective study with old people without relevant diseases, the longer sitting time (>12 vs. < 5 h/day) was associated to a 20-40% gradual increase of the risk of all-cause death and to a risk 40-55% bigger of cardiovascular death”. A similar study, published in 2010, achieved the same results. 2 With question- naires, 53440 men and 69776 women, age 50 to 74 years old on the beginning of the study, healthy by the time of the questionnaire, participated in a study about sitting time and physical activity. During the period of follow-up of 14 years, there were 11307 deaths in men and 7923 in women. The authors verify, after the correction for tobacco, body mass index and other factors, that the sitting time (6 or more vs < 3 hours / day) was associated to the mortality in women (relative risk = 1,34) and in men /RR = 1,17). 2 Conclusion The authors refer that the reduction of the sitting time and the participa- tion on physical activities is impor- tant, particularly in the elderly. The importance of this study is enor- mous, because it stretches the need for movement, action, in the elderly to the detriment to the long stays in bed or on the sofa. It demonstrates for the elderly that simply walking throughout the day or the perfor- mance of domestic tasks that obliges to some effort are fundamental to increase longevity. It is proved that home is also a gym where benefits for health can be collected. Bibliography 1. Fisher, V. A.: Exploring the Links Between Leisure-time Physical Activity, Seden- tary Behavior, and Cancer. http://dceg. cancer.gov/news-events/linkage-newslet- ter/2015-03/research-publications/physi- cal-activity-cancer. 2. Patel A. V., et al: Leisure time spent sitting in relation to total mortality in a prospec- tive cohort of US adults. Am J Epidemiol. 2010 Aug 15;172(4):419-29. doi: 10.1093/aje/ kwq155. Epub 2010 Jul 22. Leisure-time spent sitting and site-specific cancer incidence in a large US cohort Alpa V. Patel et al. Cancer Epide- miology Biomarkers & Prevention. Published OnlineFirst June 30, 2015; doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI- 15-0237. Among the 69260 men and 77462 women, without cancer, that par- ticipated on the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort there were 18555 men and 12236 women diagnosed with cancer during the period from 1992 to 2009. The longer time of sitting time (more than 6 hours in relation to less than 3 hours), and after adjust- ment for physical exercise, body mass index and other factors, was associated in women to a higher risk of cancer, but that was not the case in men. In women, the sitting time was associated to multiple myeloma (relative risk = 1,65), invasive breast cancer (RR = 1,10) and ovarian cancer (RR = 1,43). Besides these conclusions, it is added that more investigation is needed to better understand the differences between men and women. For women the results support the recommendations of the American Cancer Society that indicate the need to diminish the sitting time whenever possible. http://www.pharmaceutical-journal. com/news-and-analysis/features/ tracking-down-the-optimum-dose-of- -exercise/20068939.article Relationship between total sitting time and global mortality in women 2 30 november 2018 www.revdesportiva.pt