Galileo Galilei, was born in Pisa, Italy in the year 1564. Son of Vincenzo Galilei who was a musician of undoubted spirit renovador, defender of the change of an anquilosada religious music in favor of more modern forms. Both Galileo and his father had a modern and advanced vision of the World, in the middle of the Middle Ages. In 1583 Galileo begins in mathematics through Ostilio Ricci, a friend of the family, student of Tartaglia. Since then, he feels a follower of Pythagoras, Plato and Archimedes and opposed to Aristotelianism. Still a
3.1 Painting by Galileo Galiei student, discover the law of the isochronous pendulums, the first stage of what will be the
A controversial scientist of the discovery of a new science: mechanics. Within
Renaissance Age the current humanist, also draws a fierce pamphlet against the teachers of his time. All his life, Galileo will reject being compared to the professors of his time, which would entail numerous enemies.
In 1606, Galileo built his first thermoscope, the first device in history that allows an objective comparison of the level of heat and cold. That same year, Galileo and two of his friends fell ill on the same day of the same infectious disease. Only Galileo survives, who will remain crippled with rheumatism for the rest of his days. In the two years that follow, the sage studies the structures of magnets. In 1609, due to a rumor made by a student of his, he decides to build his first telescope. Of many failed attempts, very few were adequate. For 1610, it presents its first instruments.
Galileo generated dilemmas with the Catholic Church, since the government in the Middle Ages was an ecclesiastical one. He promoted the separation between Church and Science. The conflict between Galileo and the Catholic Church was a conflict between inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning. The induction based on the observation of reality, characteristic of the scientific method that Galileo used for the first time, offering experimental proofs of his affirmations, and publishing the results so that they could be repeated, in front of the deduction, starting in the last instance of arguments based on authority, either philosophers like Aristotle or the Holy Scriptures.
Thus, in relation to his defense of the heliocentric theory, Galileo always relied on data extracted from experimental observations that proved the validity of his arguments. In summary, and despite the fact that it is sometimes argued that Galileo
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