IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science ( IOSR-JHSS ) Volume 24 , Issue 2 , Ser . 7 ( March . 2021 ) 44-50 e-ISSN : 2279-0837 , p-ISSN : 2279-0845 . www . iosrjournals . org 10,001 – 50,000 ( USD 100 - 500 ) per month ; whereas 81 % in the informal sector earn a monthly
income of KES 5,001- 25,000 ( USD 50 - 250 ) from their entry-level jobs . Less than 0.5 % of employees in both the formal and informal sectors earn above KES 100,000 ( USD 1000 ). Those who were self-employed had a higher income than the employed youth with 7 % earning between KES 50,000 – 100,000 ( USD 500 - 1000 ) and 1 % earning above KES 100,000 ( USD 1000 ). 22 % of employees in the formal and 15 % in the informal sectors supplement their incomes through side jobs , such as their businesses , part-time jobs , family businesses , or consultancy . This gives the implication that the majority of the youths employed in the informal sector earn insufficient income with only a small number employed in the formal sector who earns a substantial income . The informal sector characterized by instabilities and job insecurity employs more youth who earn little income . The less income makes the youth to do side jobs to supplement this income .
Entry-level recruitment methods Referrals and social networks ( friends and family ) were cited to be the most common forms of recruitment in both the formal and informal sectors , standing at 87 % in the formal and 81 % in the informal sector . Other forms of recruitment in the formal sector were job advertisement , cold calling , internal recruitment , recruitment agency , career fairs , and partnerships with training institutions . Hence , the results strongly indicate that informal communication methods through word of mouth are still significantly used among the youth as opposed to the formal channels like traditional and social media . Youth get to know about job availability mostly through referral and social networks .
Entry-level positions The formal sector mostly employs the youth in : Management - as assistants ( 44 %), junior executives ( 38 %), graduate trainees ( 18 %), software / web developers ( 18 %), service attendants ( 3 %) e . g . waiters , laundry etc . and others ( 13 %); Non-management- as support staff ( 57 %) e . g . receptionists , administrative assistant , office messengers , drivers etc ., cashiers ( 36 %), customer care ( 32 %), sales executives ( 31 %), clerks ( 26 %), artisans ( 15 %), technicians ( 12 %), crafts ( 9 %), teachers / trainers ( 8 %), call center agents ( 7 %), trainer of trainers ( 5 %), community nurses ( 4 %), researchers ( 3 %), others ( 5 %).
The informal sector mostly employs youth as / in ; wholesale & Retail in agro-vets , chemists , hardware shops , supermarkets , M-Pesa shops , etc . as salespersons and cashiers ( 28 %); informal services and transport and storage as matatu conductors and drivers , taxi drivers , boda-boda riders ( 22 %); construction as technicians , engineers , mechanics , electrical technicians , draughtsman , builders , brick makers , plumbers ( 17 %); artisans & craftsmen e . g . woodworkers , potters ( 17 %); food and beverage as bakers , cooks , food kiosks attendants ( 14 %); teacher / trainer ( 9 %); subsistence farmers , graders ( 4 %), street traders ( 2 %); small-scale miners ( 1 %), and others ( 6 %).